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Pharmacology ChemoTherapeutics > Quinolones In FluroQuinolone > Flashcards

Quinolones In FluroQuinolone Flashcards

1
Q

What was the first quinolone

A

Nalidixic acid

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2
Q

What type of bacteria is nalidixic acid effective against

A

Gram-negative bacteria but not pseudomonas

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of nalidixic acid

A
  1. Inhibits DNA Gyrase enzyme
  2. interferes with replication of bacterial DNA
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4
Q

What are Fluoroquinolones

A

Synthetic, fluorinated analogues of nalidixic acid 

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones

A
  1. Inhibit bacterial synthesis
  2. inhibit DNA Gyrase, thus blocking DNA replication in gram -ve bacteria
  3. inhibition of topoisomerase IV in gram +ve bacteria - prevents separation of replicated DNA
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6
Q

Name common flouroquinolones

A
  1. Norfloxacin
  2. ciprofloxacin
  3. Pfloxacin
  4. ofloxacin
  5. levofloxacin
  6. Gemifloxacin
  7. moxifloxacin
  8. Prulifloxacin
  9. Trovafloxacin
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7
Q

Which fluoroquinolones inhibit the metabolism of Theophylline and warfarin

A
  1. Norfloxacin
  2. ciprofloxacin
  3. Pfloxacin 
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8
Q

The metabolism of which drug does ofloxacin inhibit

A

Theophylline but to a lesser extend

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9
Q

Which flouroquinolone has a bioavailability of 100%

A

levofloxacin

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10
Q

Which Bacteria are resistant to ciprofloxacin

A

Most anaerobes such as bacteroides fragilis, C. Difficile, etc. 

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11
Q

What Delays the absorption of ciprofloxacin

A

Food

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12
Q

What are the adverse effects of fluoroquinolones

A
  1. G.I. disturbances: Nausea, vomiting
  2. CNS effects: headache, dizziness, insomnia, infusion, hallucinations and convulsions
  3. Hypersensitivity reactions including skin rashes, eosinophilia, photosensitivity, uriticaria
  4. Tenosynovitis and Can cause tendon rupture in athletes
  5. Moxifloxacin causes prolongation of QT interval
  6. Contraindicated in pregnancy and young children
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13
Q

Which drug can cause prolongation of QT interval

A

Moxifloxacin

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14
Q

What are the contraindications of flouroquinolones

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. young children
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15
Q

What happens when NSAIDs are used with fluoroquinolones

A

The NSAIDs may potentiate CNS side effects of florouquinolones - confusion, irritability, and rarely convulsions 

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16
Q

Which drugs reduce the absorption of fluoroquinolones

A
  1. Antacids
  2. ferrous salts
  3. sucralfate
17
Q

What are the uses of fluoroquinolones

A
  1. UTI And Bacterial prostatitis
  2. Bacterial diarrhoeas including travellers diarrhoea
  3. Typhoid fever
  4. STD including gonococcal infections, chancroid, chlamydial cevicitis and urethritis
  5. Skin, soft tissue and bone infections
  6. Eradicate meningococci
  7. Mycobacterial infections
  8. prophylaxis and treatment of infections in Neuropenic patients
  9. conjunctivitis
  10. respiratory infections
  11. anthrax
18
Q

Which drugs are used for conjunctivitis

A
  1. Ciprofloxacin
  2. Moxifloxacin
  3. levofloxacin
  4. ofloxacin
19
Q

Which drugs can be used for community acquired pneumonia and chronic bronchitis

A
  1. Levofloxacin
  2. moxifloxacin
20
Q

Name a type of disease / bacteria who is the drug of choice is trovafloxacin

A

Pneumonia caused by legionella pneumophila 

Pharmacology ChemoTherapeutics (7 decks)

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