Quis #2

Question 1

Elements

Answer 1

Contain an equal amount of atoms and protons (One of a limited number of unique varieties of matter that composes substances of all kinds. Elements each consist of just one kind of atom)

Question 2

Atom

Answer 2

Smallest particle of an element that exhibits the properties of that element. Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Question 3

Protons

Answer 3

Positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 4

Neutrons

Answer 4

Uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus.

Question 5

Electrons

Answer 5

Negatively charged subatomic particle with almost no weight. Electrons orbit the atom’s nucleus.

Question 6

Isotopes

Answer 6

Different atomic forms of the same element, varying only in the number of neutrons they contain. The heavier forms tend to be radioactive.

Question 7

Radioisotope

Answer 7

If isotope is unstable (could emit radiation)

Question 8

Recap

Answer 8

Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Radioisotopes, unstable atoms with an unusual number of neutrons, give off energy and particles as they decay (move to a more stable state).

Question 9

Molecule

Answer 9

Particle consisting of two or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds. (Elements held together by chemical bonds)

Question 10

Compounds

Answer 10

2 or more dif. Elements (atoms) combine

Question 11

Chemical bonds

Answer 11

Attractive forces between atoms that cause atoms to be bound to each other.

Question 12

Covalent bonds

Answer 12

Chemical bond created by electron sharing between atoms. (Forms when 2 or more atoms share the electrons in their outer shell) (are non polar)

Question 13

Polar Covalent bonds

Answer 13

Atoms w/ more protons = greater attraction

Question 14

Ion

Answer 14

An atom or molecule with a positive or negative electric charge. (When an atom loses or gains electrons )

Question 15

Positive charge

Answer 15

Atom loses an electron

Question 16

Negative charge

Answer 16

An atom gains an electron

Question 17

Ionic Bonds

Answer 17

Chemical bond formed by the attractive force between oppositely charged ions. (Easier to gain an electron than lose one)

Question 18

Recap

Answer 18

Electrons farthest from the nucleus have more potential energy than electrons close to the nucleus. Strong covalent bonds form between atoms when they share pairs of electrons, ionic bonds form between oppositely charged ions, and weak hydrogen bonds occur between oppositely charged regions of polar molecules.

Question 19

Hydrophilic

Answer 19

A substance that is attracted to water. Most polar and charged compounds are hydrophilic, and therefore they dissolve easily in water.

Question 20

Hydrophobic

Answer 20

A substance that is not attracted to water or is repelled by water. Nonpolar compounds such as oils are hydrophobic.

Question 21

Recap

Answer 21

Most biological molecules dissolve readily in water because water is a polar molecule. The liquid nature of water facilitates the transport of biological molecules. Water absorbs and holds heat and can lower body temperature through evaporation. It also participates in essential chemical reactions.

Question 22

Buffer

Answer 22

Any substance that tends to minimize the changes in pH that might otherwise occur when an acid or base is added to a solution. (Prevents dramatic change in ph)

Question 23

Organic molecule

Answer 23

molecule that contains carbon and other elements, held together by covalent bonds.

Question 24

Carbohidratos

Answer 24

Organic compound composed primarily of CH2O groups. (Starches, sugars, and cellulose)

Question 25

Monosaccharides

Answer 25

Simplest type of carbohydrates with only one sugar unit. (Glucose & Fructose)