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Developmental Psych > Quiz 1 (1-3) > Flashcards

Quiz 1 (1-3) Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Development

A

Pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span

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2
Q

Does development involve decline and aging

A

Yes

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3
Q

Life-span perspective

A

Development occurs throughout life

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4
Q

Characteristics of development

A 
Lifelong 
Multidimensional 
Multidirectional 
Plasticity 
Science is multidisciplinary 
Contextual 
Growth, maintenance, regulation of loss 
Co-construction of biology, culture, and individual
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5
Q

Lifelong

A

Most development occurs during adulthood

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6
Q

Multidimensional

A

Development has biological, cognitive, and socioemotional dimensions

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7
Q

Multidirectional

A

Some dimensions expand and others shrink

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8
Q

Plasticity

A

Capacity for change

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9
Q

Science is multidisciplinary

A

Psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, neuroscientists, and medical researchers care about development through the life span

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10
Q

Contextual

A

All development occurs within a context, or setting. Contexts change (normative age grade influences, normative history graded influences, non-normative life events)

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11
Q

Normative age grade influences

A

Similar for individuals of an age group

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12
Q

Normative history graded influences

A

Common to people of a particular generation because of historical circumstances

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13
Q

Non-normative life events

A

Ususual occurances that have a major impact on an individuals life

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14
Q

Growth maitenance and regulation of loss

A

Mastery of life often involves conflicts and competition among these three groups of development

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15
Q

Co-construction of biology, culture, and the individual

A

Biology, culture and the individual work together in development

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16
Q

Socioemotional processes

A

Changes in the individuals relationships with other people, changes in emotions, and changes in personality

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17
Q

Infancy

A

Developmental period from birth to 18-24 months. Time of dependence upon adults. Psychological activities (language, symbolic thought, sensorimotor coordination,, social learning) are beginning

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18
Q

Adolescence

A

Transition from childhood to early adulthood. Entered at 10 to 12 years of age. Ending at 18-21 years of age. Rapid physical changes (height, weight, body contour, sexual traits). More independent, thought is more logical, abstract and idealistic. More time spent outside family

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19
Q

Emerging adulthood

A

Transition from adolescence to adulthood. 18 to 25 years of age. Experimentation and exploration.

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20
Q

Key features of emerging adulthood

A 
Identity exploration 
Instability 
Self-focused 
Feeling in-between 
The age of possibilities
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21
Q

Identity exploration

A

In love and work. Changes in identity

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22
Q

Instability

A

Instability in love, work and education. Residential changes

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23
Q

Self-focused

A

Autonomy in running their own lives

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24
Q

Feeling in-between

A

Don’t consider themselves adolescents or adults

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25
The age of possibilities
Optimistic about future, opportunity to direct lives in a more positive way
26
Nature-nurture issue
Extent to which development is influenced by nature or by nurture
27
Nature
Basic growth tendencies are genetically programmed into humans
28
Nurture
Impact of environmental experiences on development
29
Stability and change
Degree to which early traits and characteristics persist or change as a person matures
30
Stability
Result of heredity and possibly early experiences in life
31
Change
Experiences produce change
32
Freud theory
Problems are a result of experiences in early life, focus of pleasure shifts from mouth to genitals, 5 stages of psychosexual development
33
5 stages of psychosexual development
1. Oral (infants pleasure centers on mouth) 2. Anal (childs pleasure focuses on anus) 3. Phallic (childs pleasure focuses on genitals) 4. Latency (child represses sexual interest and develops social and intellectual skills) 5. Genital stage (sexual reawakening to someone outside the family)
34
Theme of freud's theory
Unconscious thought
35
Erikson vs Freud
Erikson said we develop in psychosocial stages, not psychosexual (motivation is social, not sexual) Changes occur throughout lifespan (Erikson), changes occur early in life (Freud)
36
8 Stages of development (Erikson)
1. Integrity vs despair 2. Generativity vs stagnation 3. Intimacy vs isolation 4. Identity vs identity confusion 5. Industry vs inferiority 6. Initiative vs guilt 7. Autonomy vs shame and doubt 8. Trust vs mistrust
37
Trust vs mistrust
First stage, first year of life. Developing trust
38
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Second stage, toddlerhood. Discovering their behavior is their own. Shame and doubt if they are punished too harshly
39
Initiative vs guilt
Third stage, Preschool years. Face new challenges, guilt when child is irresponsible and made to feel too anxious
40
Industry vs inferiority
Fourth stage, elementary school years. Knowledge and intellectual skills. May feel incompetant (inferiority)
41
Identity vs identity confusion
Fifth stage, adolescent. Finding out who they are
42
Intimacy vs isolation
Sixth stage, early adulthood. Isolation if relationships arent formed
43
Generativity vs stagnation
Seventh stage, middle adulthood. Helping the younger generation develop and lead useful lives. Stagnation if they cant
44
Integrity vs despair
Eighth stage, late adulthood. Reflects on past. Integrity if life was well spent
45
Skinner theory
Operant conditioning
46
Operant conditioning
Consequences of a behavior produce changes in the probability of a behavior's occurrence (rewards and punishments)
47
Meiosis
Forms eggs and sperm (gametes). Cell divides twice forming 4 cells with half the genetic material (23 unpaired chromosomes)
48
Fertilization
Egg and sperm fuse to create a single cell called a zygote (23 paired chromosomes)
49
Natural selection
The evolutionary process by which those individuals of a species that are best adapted to their environment are the ones that are most likely to survive and reproduce
50
Down syndrome
Extra chromosome. Occur in older and younger women
51
Down syndrome symptoms
Round face, flattened skull, extra fold of skin over the eyelids, protruding tongue, short limbs, intellectual and motor disabilities
52
Fragile X syndrome
Abnormality in X chromosome (constricted and often breaks). Intellectual disability, autism, short attention span. Usually in males
53
Teratogen
Agent that can potentially cause birth defects or negatively alter cognitive and behavioral outcomes (drugs, incompatible blood types, pollutants, infectious disease, nutritional deficiencies, maternal stress, advanced maternal and paternal age)
54
Psychoactive drugs
Act upon the nervous system and alter states of consciousness (caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, marijuana)
55
Alcohol
Causes fetal alcohol syndrome (facial deformities, defective limbs, face, heart)
56
Gamete
Egg and sperm
57
Genetic counseling
Biologists that provide clients with information regarding genetic problems (genetic risks that could be transferred to offspring)
58
Incomplete dominance
One allele is not completely expressed over the paired allele. Results in a third phenotype that is a combination of the two traits (EX: red flower and white flower make pink flower)
59
Implantation
The attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall (10-14 days after conception)
60
Period of the embryo
- 2-8 weeks after conception - blastocyst --> endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm - organogenesis - amnion, umbilical cord, placenta - exchange between mother and fetus

Developmental Psych (2 decks)

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