quiz 1

Question 1

3 subsystems of speech

Answer 1

respiration, phonation, resonance/articulation

Question 2

larynx

Answer 2

closes to protect airway and serves as source of sound

Question 3

extrinsic muscles of larynx

Answer 3

suprahyoid and infrahyoid

Question 4

suprahyoid muscles (list)

Answer 4

anterior and posterior bellies of digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid

Question 5

role of suprahyoid muscles

Answer 5

forms a sling to support the hyoid and larynx (elevates larynx)

Question 6

infrahyoid muscles (list)

Answer 6

thyrohyoid
sternohyoid
omohyoid

Question 7

role of infrahyoid muscles

Answer 7

attaches from the hyoid structures below the larynx

Question 8

cartilages of larynx (list)

Answer 8

epiglottis, thyroid, arytenoid, cricoid, corniculate/cuneiform

Question 9

thyroid cartilage

Answer 9

largest cartilage of larynx (Adam’s apple); superior horn of thyroid connects to hyoid bone; inferior horn connects to the cricoid cartilage below; houses the vocal folds

Question 10

intrinsic muscles of larynx (role)

Answer 10

responsible for controlling sound production

Question 11

muscles responsible for adduction

Answer 11

Interarytenoid (IA)
Lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA)
Thyroarytenoid (TA)

Question 12

interarytenoid muscle

Answer 12

two part muscle that lies between 2 arytenoid cartilages, adducts the arytenoids thus closing the glottis

Question 13

lateral cricoarytenoid

Answer 13

fan-shaped muscle lying along the upper surface of the cricoid; adducts the vocal processes of the arytenoids, thus closing the glottis

Question 14

Posterior cricoarytenoid

Answer 14

fan-shaped muscle located on posterior surface of cricoid; abducts the arytenoids, thus, opening the glottis

Question 15

Cricothyroid

Answer 15

fan-shaped muscle located between cricoid and thyroid cartilages– decreases the space between the thyroid and cricoid, thus increasing the distance between the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages; increasing the length of the vocal folds, decreasing their mass, and increasing their tension, INCREASES vocal pitch

Question 16

Thyroarytenoid

Answer 16

bundle of muscle fibers making up the true vocal folds– decreases the distance between the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages, shortening the vocal folds, increasing their mass, decreasing their tension, DECREASING VOCAL PITCH

Question 17

vocalis muscle

Answer 17

main body of vocal folds which may be likened to a bundle of stiff rubber bands

Question 18

layers of the vocal fold cover (list)

Answer 18

epithelium, superficial layer of lamina propria, intermediate layer of the lamina propria, deep layer of the lamina propria, vocalis muscle

Question 19

epithelium

Answer 19

thin stiff capsule that maintains the integrity of the fold shape

Question 20

superficial layer of the lamina propria

Answer 20

loose fibrous components similar to a mass of soft gelatin (reinke’s space)

Question 21

intermediate layer of lamina propria

Answer 21

elastic fibers that may be likened to a bundle of soft rubber bands

Question 22

deep layer of the lamina propria

Answer 22

collagenous fibers which may be likened to a bundle of cotton thread (intermediate and deep layers comprise the vocal ligament)

Question 23

folds

Answer 23

true vocal folds, ventricular folds (false vocal folds)

Question 24

cavities

Answer 24

supraglottal cavity, subglottal cavity, ventricles

Question 25

for lungs to inflate

Answer 25

there should be an alveolar pressure that is LESS than the atmospheric pressure

Question 26

for lungs to deflate

Answer 26

alveolar pressure must be greater than atmospheric pressure

Question 27

diaphragm

Answer 27

main muscle for respiration

Question 28

internal intercostal muscles

Answer 28

caused forced expiration

Question 29

external intercostal muscles

Answer 29

cause quiet and forced inhalation

Question 30

hyoid bone

Answer 30

sits at base of tongue, serves as anchoring structure of our tongue

Question 31

epiglottis

Answer 31

leaf shaped cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering trachea

Question 32

arytenoid cartilages

Answer 32

pyramid-like cartilaginous structures that form the posterior attachment of the vocal cords

Question 33

cricoid cartilage

Answer 33

ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx

Question 34

corniculate and cuneiform cartilages

Answer 34

corniculates are small cone-shaped cartilages that form the apex of the arytenoid cuneiforms are small rod-shaped cartilages found within the aryepiglottic gold

Question 35

vagus nerve

Answer 35

major nerve that supplies the larynx

Question 36

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 36

branch of vagus that innervates motor control to all intrinsic muscles of larynx

Question 37

superior laryngeal nerve

Answer 37

branch of vagus that innervates the cricothyroid muscle (which is responsible for elevating pitch)

Question 38

lung pressure

Answer 38

pressure of air within lung tissue at resting level, lung pressure equals atmospheric pressure

Question 39

inspiration

Answer 39

lung volume increases, lung pressure drops, air rushes in

Question 40

expiration

Answer 40

lung volume decreases, lung pressure increases, air flows out

Question 41

Myoelastic Theory of Voice Production

Answer 41

holds that continued air pressure is developed and built up underneath the VFs, at an amount great enough to displace the inertial property of the VF tissue and sustain the vibration of the VFs over time there's enough pressure so that vocal folds can resist a little but then air goes through the glottis

Question 42

phonation threshold pressure

Answer 42

the minimal amount of pressure needed to get the vocal folds to vibrate

Question 43

intensity

Answer 43

created by the degree and time of closure of the VFs increased intensity results when the subglottal air pressure is sufficient to overcome the resistance of the VFs

Question 44

resonance/articulation

Answer 44

quality, timbre, fullness and loudness of voice quality in a sound of being deep, full reverberating the reinforcement or prolongation of sound by reflection from a surface or by the synchronous vibration of a neighboring effect

Question 45

structures of resonance

Answer 45

laryngopharynx, oropharynx, oral cavity, nasopharynx, nasal cavity