data, info, knowledge, wisdom - Use information, apply knowledge to a problem and act with wisdom = basis of science of health professional practice - info is composed of data

Quiz 1 Flashcards by Danielle Treacy

4 sciences of health informatics

discipline sciences
info sciences
cognitive sciences
computer sciences

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informatics

science of information mgmt in healthcare

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DIKW Model

data, info, knowledge, wisdom

Use information, apply knowledge to a problem and act with wisdom = basis of science of health professional practice
info is composed of data

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knowledge

awareness and understanding of a set of info and ways that info can be made useful to support a specific task or arrive at a decision

experience our environment and learn by acquiring, processing, generating and disseminating knowledge

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information

data that is made functional through application of knowledge, interpreted for meaning

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wisdom - what is it and how is it developed?

application of knowledge to an appropriate situation

Uses knowledge and experience to heighten common sense and insight to exercise sound judgment

Developed through knowledge, experience, insight and reflection
Ability to apply valuable and viable knowledge, experience, understanding and insight

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when did HIPAA get signed into law

1996 - clinton

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what is the intent of HIPAA (4)

curtail healthcare fraud and abuse,
enforce standards for health info,
guarantee the security and privacy of health info and
assure health insurance portability for employed persons

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Who is responsible for implementing and enforcing the privacy regulation?

Office of Civil Rights

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who proposed privacy rules in 1999

HHS - to balance pt right to privacy and providers need to access information

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how did the HHS define protected health info

info r/t physical or mental health, provision of one’s health care, or payment for that healthcare that has been maintained or transmitted electronically - can be reasonably identified with the individual it applies to

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do patients always have to authorize release of info

not always necessary - if directly r/t tx and payment for treatment
Also not required for research, medical/police emergencies, legal proceedings and collection of data for public health concerns

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proposed privacy rules by HHS for HIPAA (1999)

define protected health info
determine when authorization has to be done by pts
Establish patient ownership of the healthcare record and allow for patient initiated corrections and amendments
Need a privacy official in healthcare organizations
All outside entities that conduct business with healthcare orgs have to meet same standards for information protection/security
Patients can’t access info in blinded studies
*Applies only to health info maintained / transmitted electronically

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when did privacy requirements for HIPAA go into effect

2003

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privacy rules - patient’s rights

Right to request restrictions to access of health record
Right to request an alternative method of communication w/ a provider
Right to receive a paper copy of the notice of privacy practices
Right to file a complaint if pt believes his rights were violated
Right to inspect and copy one’s health record
Right to request an amendment to health record
Right to see an account of disclosures of one’s health record

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who is responsible for enforcing electronic transaction and code set provisions of the law

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS)

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what does HITECH stand for

Health Information Technology for economic and clinical health act

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when was HITECH put into law

2009

Part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)= stimulus law

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which part of the ARRA is HITECH and what does it address

Title XIII of Division A of the ARRA = HITECH Act
Addresses development, adoption, and implementation of HIT policies and standards and provides enhanced privacy and security protections for patient info

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what is a certified EHR

an EHR that meets specific governmental standards for the type of record involved

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HIT

hardware, software, integrated technologies or related licenses, intellectual property, upgrades, or packaged solutions sold as services that are designed for or support the use by healthcare entities or patients for the electronic creation, maintenance, access, or exchange of health information

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qualified EHR

electronic record of health related info on an individual
Contains patient’s demographic and clinical health info and includes medical history and list of health problems
Provides support for clinical decisions
Entry for physician orders

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what did HITECH establish within the HHS

ONC
headed by national coordinator = responsible for overseeing development of a nationwide HIT infrastructure to support the following ogals

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how did HITECH change HIPAA

OCR is part of HHS and is responsible for enforcing HIPAA
privacy rule and security rule - mandatory for all covered entities
enhanced HIPAA and includes business associates of covered entities

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privacy rule

patients have a right to expect privacy protections that limit the use and disclosure of their health info

security rule

providers are obligated to safeguard their patient’s health info from improper use or disclosure and maintain integrity of the info and ensure its availability

what is the OCR

part of HHS is responsible for enforcing HIPAA | Tracks complaints and investigations violations since 2003

who is responsible for regulating medical devices to ensure public safety

FDA under HHS

when is an app considered a medical device

defined as a medical device and can be subject to FDA regulation if the intended use of a mobile app is for the diagnosis of a disease, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease or if is intended to affect the structure or function of the body of man

escape from fire: 4 sources of resilience in organizations

1. improvisation - ability to invent when old formulas fail 2. Virtual role systems - refer to the ability of individuals to carry, as it were, a social system inside their heads to assume structures even when they are not externally apparent 3. Attitude of wisdom 4. Respectful interaction → allows for new options to be created

escape from fire: what are preconditions

shared assumptions that don’t tell us what future we need to build - but that give us a chance of staying in order long enough to tackle that issue → makes sense possible

escape from fire: 5 preconditions

1. We need to face reality → need to get honest about the facts 2. Drop the Pulaskis - current tools can’t do the job 3. Stay in formation - need to make sense of all stakeholders - need to share in the solution 4. Talk to each other and listen 5. Leadership

why study informatics (3)

- health care info = info intensive - interprofessional collab and communication are essential to promote safe, evidence based, efficient and cost effective care - technology tools help us integrate, collect and manage clinical info

foundation of knowledge model: purpose

helps to explain ties b/w disciplinary science, informatics and knowledge

6 roles of healthcare workers (within the foundation of knowledge model)

- knowledge workers - generate knowledge as a product - knowledge acquirers - knowledge users - knowledge engineers - design, develop, implement and maintain knowledge - knowledge managers - capture and distribute - knowledge developers/generators - change and evolve knowledge based on tasks at hands

5 components of the foundation of knowledge model

knowledge acquisition knowledge dissemination knowledge generation knowledge processing - center and at core of cone feedback - dynamic - circling around - acts and can transform all aspects of knowledge

knowledge generation

The creation of new knowledge by changing and evolving knowledge based on one’s experience, education, and input from others.

knowledge processing

The activity or process of gathering or collecting, perceiving, analyzing, synthesizing, saving or storing, manipulating, conveying, and transmitting knowledge.

knowledge acquisition

The act of getting knowledge.

knowledge dissemination

Distribution and sharing of knowledge.

what is this an example of? (acquisition, dissemination, processing or generation) Understanding the EHR vendors that are currently in place to gain knowledge on what is currently working and what is not & How EHR is contributing to provider burnout.

acquiring

what is this an example of? (acquisition, dissemination, processing or generation) “The National Academies’ report on Taking Action Against Clinician Burnout describes the role of health information technology in clinician burnout,1 including some empirical evidence for the impact of poor usability.2,3”

generation

what is this an example of? (acquisition, dissemination, processing or generation) Acquisition + Life Experiences + Generation = Combining the information, processing and recognizing the need for a change

processing

what is this an example of? (acquisition, dissemination, processing or generation) Part of the goal on spreading the knowledge: a. Vendors making reports of the changes they have made b. Encouraging learning opportunities between EHR vendors and healthcare community

dissemination

is this D, I, K or W? knowledge that there is nursing burnout and a main part of the job is using EHR

data

is this D, I, K or W? where is the burnout coming from in terms of using EHR

information

is this D, I, K or W | there is a connection between EHR and burnout of staff

knowledge

is this D, I, K or W what is the next step, how can we take the knowledge and take the correct action towards decreasing burnout and improving the usability of EHR

wisdom

what is this an example of? (acquisition, dissemination, processing or generation) Systematic Review- Electronic databases/Articles chosen, Screening and selection tool used and a template for intervention and description replication checklist. Mixed method appraisal and cochrane risk of bias tools. -> research framework Ex) Medline, proquest pubmed etc. Prisma Flow Diagram - Tool used to report on systematic reviews. It maps the reviews chosen within the article.

acquisition

what kind of knowledge is this an example of Feedback from the apps, 5 articles reviewed in total post screening.

generation

what kind of knowledge is this an example of Researchers analyses on the 5 articles and their previous experiences

processing

what kind of knowledge is this an example of Publishing it as a journal article- Cogent psychology

dissemination

what kind of knowledge is this Instrument review, document review, key informant interviews

acquisition

what kind of knowledge is this Synthesis of information gathered and putting together field guide.

generation

what kind of knowledge is this Reviewing the Field Guide and determining that a web-based interface was better than pdf format

processing

what kind of knowledge is this Website published on CRCCP sites and to researchers practice partners and scholars

dissemination

what kind of knowledge is this Research partners, CDC leadership and staff, and CRCCP recipients

feedback

what kind of knowledge is this AI system to evaluate improving clinical outcomes

acquisition

what kind of knowledge is this Delphi process ○ four open ended questions on aspects viewed by the Delphi participants to be reported during early stage clinical evaluation. The participating experts were then asked to rate. ○ In the second round, the participants were shown the results of the first round and invited to rate and comment on the items in the revised list.

generation

what kind of knowledge is this Feedback from the survey and evaluation of AI was based on the human interaction with computers on Steering Group beliefs that the AI would help rather than replace human intelligence. ○ Clinicians would use the AI system and their satisfaction on using the AI system. ○ Improvement of clinical outcomes making clinicians more comfortable incorporating and using the AI system

processing

what kind of knowledge is this Consensus Meeting: ■ an AI specific items list, which represents the main novelty of the DECIDE-AI guideline ■ second list of generic reporting items, which achieved high consensus but are not AI specific and could apply to most types of studies

dissemination

what kind of knowledge is this QI framework used to improve care by using standardized processes in order to reduce variation and lead to more predictable outcomes for patients

acquisition

what kind of knowledge is this ``` AI/ML-based algorithms approved for clinical use by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ```

generation

what kind of knowledge is this Hospitals may look to create dedicated Clinical AI departments, which would centralize efforts to develop, deploy, and maintain AI models in clinical care with the collaboration between model developers, clinicians, IT professionals, biostatisticians, and regulatory agencies

processing

what kind of knowledge is this Statistical control charts used as a tool to help visualize and detect different types of shifts

dissemination

what kind of knowledge is this AI-QI teams will improve safety and effectiveness at hospital level, national level, and multi-national level with collaboration with clinicians, hospital administrators, information technology (IT) professionals, biostatisticians, model developers, and regulatory agencies.

feedback

what kind of knowledge is this Traditional care - Telehealth

acquisition

what kind of knowledge is this Need d/t COVID-19 pandemic - Need to improve access to health care

generation (research)

what kind of knowledge is this ``` Telehealth communication and application - Improved health treatment for rural communities - Virtual specialized clinics - Promotion of awareness of public health policies ```

processing

what kind of knowledge is this Telehealth expansion

dissemination

Quiz 1 Flashcards

(70 cards)