Quiz 1

Question 1

Bio molecules

Answer 1

Are constructed hierarchically from a limited number of elements

Question 2

Certain functional groups and linkages

Answer 2

Characterize different types of biomolecules

Question 3

Polymers

Answer 3

Simple molecules condensed to form more complex ones

Question 4

Covalent bond

Answer 4

Formation by electron pair sharing makes H, C, O, N appropriate to support life

Question 5

Bond energy

Answer 5

The energy required to break the covalent bond

Question 6

Condensation

Answer 6

Loss of water

Question 7

Hydrolysis

Answer 7

Splitting of adding elements of water

Question 8

Compartmentalization

Answer 8

Promotes efficiency by maintaining high local concentrations of reactants

Question 9

The simplest cells

Answer 9

Prokaryotes

Question 10

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 10

Have organelles

Question 11

Energy

Answer 11

Must be conserved

Question 12

Enthalpy

Answer 12

Is equivalent to heat

Question 13

Entropy

Answer 13

Is a systems measure of disorder, tends to increase

Question 14

Free energy change

Answer 14

Is determined by the change in enthalpy and the change of entropy

Question 15

Spontaneous process

Answer 15

Occurs with a decrease in free energy

Question 16

Free energy change can be calculated from

Answer 16

Temperature and concentrations and stoichiometry of reactants and products

Question 17

Standard state conditions

Answer 17

• 25 C or 298 K
• pressure 1 atm
• ph of 7

Question 18

Organisms

Answer 18

• non equilibrium open systems

Question 19

Positive H

Answer 19

Heat must be supplied from the surrounding to the system

Question 20

Negative H

Answer 20

Heat is given off by the system

Question 21

Positive G

Answer 21

Work must be supplied to the system

Question 22

Negative G

Answer 22

System gives off energy that can be coupled to another process that requires work

Question 23

Positive S

Answer 23

More degrees of freedom, system is being more disordered

Question 24

Negative S

Answer 24

less degrees of freedom, system is being more ordered

Question 25

2nd Law

Answer 25

The entropy of the universe ( isolated system ) always increases

Question 26

The cell

Answer 26

Is an open system so the entropy can increase outside the cell

Question 27

G = 0

Answer 27

Is at equilibrium

Question 28

G < 0

Answer 28

( negative ) Is spontaneous and exergonic

Question 29

G > 0

Answer 29

( positive ) is opposed (non spontaneous) and endergonic

Question 30

Biochemical standard state

Answer 30

• temp 25C - 298 K
• pressure 1 atm
• concentrations of each reactant and product 1M
• pH = 7
• the concentration of water (55.5 M) is constant

Question 31

Delta g prime non standard conditions

Answer 31

• means reactants and product concentrations are far from 1M

Question 32

macromolecules facts

Answer 32

• have a sense of directionality
• are informational
• 3D architecture: non covalent complementarith
• weak forces maintain biological structure & determine interactions