quiz 1

Question 1

government

Answer 1

the institutions through which people are ruled

Question 2

autocracy

Answer 2

power is given to a single individual

Question 3

oligarchy

Answer 3

a form of government in which a small group of people make decisions

Question 4

democracy

Answer 4

a system of rule in which citizens play a key role in the government, usually through elected representatives

Question 5

constitutional government

Answer 5

a government’s power is limited by law

Question 6

authoritarian government

Answer 6

government’s power is not limited by law (but can be limited by societal factors

Question 7

totalitarian

Answer 7

a government’s power is not limited by law and they aim to stop people looking to challenge government

Question 8

politics

Answer 8

conflict and cooperation over the leadership, policies, and structures of the government

Question 9

jurisdictions

Answer 9

domains over where specific institutions have authority

Question 10

agenda power

Answer 10

the power to determine what topics a group will discuss

Question 11

veto power

Answer 11

the power for the Supreme Court to strike down unconstitutional laws. Also the president’s

Question 12

decisiveness

Answer 12

rules that are placed on institutions and determine things like how many votes are needed for votes to pass, when votes can be taken

Question 13

delegation

Answer 13

the transition of power to some other individual

Question 14

collective action

Answer 14

the pooling of resources and the coordination of effort and activity to achieve common goals

Question 15

free riding

Answer 15

people enjoying the benefits without doing anything to deal with the costs

Question 16

public goods

Answer 16

goods that can be enjoyed by all people and people cannot be denied these

Question 17

tragedy of the commons

Answer 17

when public goods are available to everyone, they often become misused, hence a tragedy of the commons

Question 18

bicameral legislature

Answer 18

a legislature separated into two houses

Question 19

expressed powers

Answer 19

Powers specifically granted in the constituion are given to the federal government,

Question 20

necessary and proper cause

Answer 20

the last section of article one section eight that gives congress power to make laws in relation to any of them that are listed above

Question 21

judicial review

Answer 21

the court can determine whether the actions of other branches are unconstitutional

Question 22

supremacy clause

Answer 22

all laws of the federal government are superior to state and local laws

Question 23

separation of powers

Answer 23

the division of power among several institutions that must cooperate in their decision making

Question 24

federalism

Answer 24

the system of government in which a strong regional government decides between a central government or regional governments

Question 25

checks and balances

Answer 25

each branch has their own listed powers, but can also check the other branches and prevent them from gaining too much power

Question 26

tyranny

Answer 26

oppressive government that employs the cruel and unjust use of power and authority

Question 27

sovereignty

Answer 27

independent political authority

Question 28

implied powers

Answer 28

powers that are not specifically listed in the constitution but are derived from the necessary and proper clause

Question 29

reserved powers

Answer 29

powers no delegated to the federal government are not denied to the states or the people

Question 30

eminent domain

Answer 30

state can take your property for any reason they see fit but you must receive just compensation

Question 31

police powers

Answer 31

the powers reserved to the state government to regulate the health, safety, and morals of the citizens

Question 32

concurrent powers

Answer 32

power to regulate commerce and effect currency held by the state and national government

Question 33

full faith and credit clause

Answer 33

the provision in article iv section 1 requiring that each state normally honor the governmental action and judicial decisions that take place in another state

Question 34

comity clause

Answer 34

promotes national unity. It prohibits states from enacting laws that treat citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner. States cannot give special privileges to their residents

Question 35

home rule

Answer 35

usually delegation given to larger cities by the state government. A delegation of power given to a local unit to help them manage their own affairs

Question 36

dual federalism

Answer 36

pre 1930s america. The system of government that prevailed in the united states from 1789 to 1937 in which fundamental governmental powers were shared between the federal and state governments

Question 37

states rights

Answer 37

State’s rights the principle that states should oppose the increasing authority of the national government. Popular before the civil war.

Question 38

cooperative federalism

Answer 38

- a system that has prevailed since the new deal era. In which grants in aid have been used strategically to encourage states and localities to pursue nationally defended goals

Question 39

grants in aid

Answer 39

funds given to state and local governments on the condition that they be used for a specific purpose

Question 40

regulated federalism

Answer 40

A form of federalism in which Congress imposes legislation on state and local governments that require them to meet national standards

Question 41

formula grants

Answer 41

grants-in-aid for which a formula is used to determine the amount of federal funds a state or local government will receive

Question 42

grants in aid

Answer 42

for which state and local governments submit proposals to federal agencies, which provide funding for them on a competitive basis

Question 43

unfunded mandates

Answer 43

national standards or programs imposed on state and local governments by the federal government without accompanying funding or reimbursement

Question 44

block grants

Answer 44

federal funds given to state governments to pay for goods, services or programs, with relatively few restrictions on how the funds may be spent

Question 45

legislative supremacy

Answer 45

the preeminent position within the national government that the constitution assigns to congress

Question 46

divided government

Answer 46

the condition in american government in which one party controls the presidency while the opposing party controls one or both houses of congress

Question 47

executive privileges

Answer 47

the claim that confidential communications between the president and close advisers should not be revealed without the consent of the president

Question 48

civil liberties

Answer 48

protections of citizens from improper government action Focus on what governments should NOT do Substantive - limit what the government can do procedural - how the government can act

Question 49

establishment clause

Answer 49

the first part of amendment one that says “congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion

Question 50

lemon test

Answer 50

a rule articulated in lemon vs kurtzman that says governmental action with respect to religion is permissable if it is secular in purpose, does not lead to excessive entanglement of government with religion, and neither promotes nor inhibits the establishment. Used to give government aid to religious schools

Question 51

free exercise clause

Answer 51

the first amendment clause that protects the right of citizens to believe and practice whatever religion they choose

Question 52

strict scutiny

Answer 52

the strictest standard of judicial review of a government’s actions in which the government must show that the law serves a compelling state interest

Question 53

clear and present danger

Answer 53

the criterion formerly used to determine whether speech is protected based on its capacity to present a clear and present danger to society

Question 54

speech plus

Answer 54

speech accompanied by activities such as sit ins, picketing, and demonstrations

Question 55

prior restraint

Answer 55

An effort by a government agency to block publication of a newspaper or magazine, censorship

Question 56

libel

Answer 56

a written statement made in reckless disregard of the truth amd considered damaging to a victim because it is malicious, scandalous, and defamatory

Question 57

slander

Answer 57

an oral statement made in reckless disregard of the truth and considered damaging to a victim because it is malicious, scandalous, and defamatory

Question 58

exclusionary rule

Answer 58

the requirement that courts exclude evidence obtained in violation of the fourth amendment

Question 59

grand jury

Answer 59

a jury that determines whether sufficient evidence is available to justify a trial. Do not rule on guilt or innocent

Question 60

double jeopardy

Answer 60

- the fifth amendment right that a person cannot be charged twice for the same crime

Question 61

self incrimination

Answer 61

protected from the miranda rights to remain silent

Question 62

right to privacy

Answer 62

the right to be left alone which has been interpreted by the supreme court to entail the individual access to birth control and abortions