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Linguistics > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Linguistics

A

The scientific study of language

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2
Q

Mental Grammar

A

Subconscious (born with it)
Observe linguistic behavior
Everyone has this
Governs speech behavior

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3
Q

Descriptive Grammar

A

The study of language and it’s structure
Word order typology
Rules
Collection of data
Searchable

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4
Q

Morphological competence

A

How words can be broken up

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5
Q

Syntactic Competence

A

Sub. ver. obj.
Article comes before noun
etc

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6
Q

Semantic competence

A

What do words mean? What does this phrase mean?

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7
Q

phonetic competence

A

how sounds are produced and heard
how to move articulators

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8
Q

pragmatics

A

How language is used

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9
Q

Prescriptive rules

A

Grammar rules that you are aware of
Invented rules

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10
Q

Spoonerism

A

Type of performance error
When you switch the syllabus of the first word

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11
Q

language competence is both nature and nurture. How?

A

Nature - everyone will acquire a language
Nurture - depends on what language they acquire

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12
Q

Lenneberg’s Criteria for Innateness

A
  1. Language emerges before its necessary for survival
  2. Not a conscious decision to acquire the skill
  3. You hit certain milestones
  4. Attempts to accelerate the process fail
  5. No external stimuli are required for the behavior to emerge
  6. There is a critical window for language development
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13
Q

Communication

A

there are other kinds of communication like traffic lights that have grammar etc

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14
Q

Charles Hocket’s Criteria for what makes language unique

A
  1. there is a mode of communication
  2. semanticity means that every symbol has a meaning or grammatical function
  3. pragmatic function
  4. cultural transmission
  5. arbitrariness/iconicity
  6. discreteness
  7. productivity (not found in the animal kingdom – the presence of syntactic rules)
  8. Displacement
  9. Interchangeability
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15
Q

Articulatory

A

How sounds are produced

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16
Q

Acoustics

A

How sounds are heard

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17
Q

Auditory

A

How sounds are heard

18
Q

Distinctive features of IPA

A

voice
place
manner

19
Q

Fundamental frequency

A

How fast vocal cords vibrate
F1
F2
F3
Your brain reverse engineers frequencies to make sounds (or hallucinations)

20
Q

Non-acoustic cues

A

McGurk’s effect – you hear one thing but see another (when you don’t look at the mouth you see something different than when you do)

21
Q

Whispering

A

everything is voiceless

22
Q

Bilabial

A

when lips touch — the release of the lips makes the sound

23
Q

Labiodental

A

Teeth onto lip (like f and v). Velum is raised

24
Q

Interdental

A

tongue is on the inside of teeth (TH)

25
Q

Alveolar

A

tongue approaches the alveolar ridge (t, s, d, z, n, l, r)
Narrow channel for air to squirt through

26
Q

Post alveolar

A

Between the front of the mouth and the palette
(dg, g, ch, sh)
Tongue is farther back than in an S

27
Q

Palatal

A

J = YUH
tongue approaches the hard palate

28
Q

Velar

A

Closure at the velum

29
Q

Glottal

A

prevents airflow
epiglottis closes
Always voiceless

30
Q

Stop

A

Allows air pressure to build up and then rapid release of pressure

31
Q

Plosive stops

A

you can’t hold them because the oral cavity is closed and the air is held in there (p, b, t, d, k, g)

32
Q

Nasal stops

A

you can hold them because air can escape through the nasal cavity (m, n, ng) the velum is open

33
Q

Fricative

A

not a complete closure but a narrow constriction
passage of air creates a high freq. noise

34
Q

Affricative

A

Multiple parts but behaves like one sound (ch, dg)
dynamic process
First there’s a stop and then a fricative

35
Q

Nasal

A

velum is separated or lowered (oral stop)
Complete closure in the oral cavity

36
Q

Lateral Liquid

A

In alveolar gesture, the tongue doesn’t create a seal – it lets air pass through on the sides of the tongue

37
Q

Retroflex liquid

A

involes a folding or curling of the tongue (r) against the roof of the mouth

38
Q

Glide

A

Semi vowels
Occupy consonant position in syllable structure
Onset and coda

39
Q

Diphthongs

A

two vowel sounds

40
Q

Monothongs

A

one vowel sound

Linguistics (2 decks)

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