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Audiology > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The word audiology comes from

A

the latin root audire and the greek suffix logos

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2
Q

Which war did the field of audiology come from?

A

2

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3
Q

What is an audiologist?

A

A non-medical, healthcare professional with a scientific discipline based upon research
- on the fundamentals of hearing and balance
- the physiologic and psychosocial aspects of disorders and these functions
- the technological aspects of both hearing and balance diagnostics in the pediatric and adult treatments.

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4
Q

What is an audiologist defined as today?

A

an individual who has attained the education, training, and licence to provide an array of services for the identification, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of those with auditory or vestibular inpatients, as well as the prevention of such disorders

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5
Q

How do I become an audiologist?

A

Bachelors levele of education in communication sciences

Masters level edecutation (Discontinued)

Doctoral-level education in audiology

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6
Q

Licensing and Certification

A

Every state and DC has its own licensing and registration process

To obtain a license, you must complete a prescribed course of study with approximately 2000 hours of clinical practicum and attain a passing score on a national examination in audiology.

Certification is not a legal requirement for audiology

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7
Q

Alternate Audiology Specialties

A

Industrial Audiology
- Moniter Hearing

Animal Audiology
- hearing conservative for service animals

Tele-Audiology
- provide services to people who live in low-and-middle-income countries

Dispensing/Rehabilitative Audiology
-solely specializes in the dispensing of amplification devices

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8
Q

Whats the percentage of the world’s population that has disabling hearing loss?

A

5%

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9
Q

What is sound?

A

it is generated by vibrations and is carried through the air around us in the form of pressure waves

sound can be described in terms of a physical measure and a psychological sense

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10
Q

What is air?

A

Elastic

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11
Q

What is elasticity?

A

the ability of an item to return back to its original shape after being distorted.

Elasticity is increased as the distance between the molecules is decreased

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12
Q

Brownian Motion

A

the random and rapid movement of air particles

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13
Q

Vibration

A

When air molecules are disturbed and set into motion.

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14
Q

Condensation/Compression

A

air molecules being pushed togher

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15
Q

Rarefaction

A

When space exists between areas of compression

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16
Q

Waves

A

the succession of molecules being shoved together and then pulled apart

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17
Q

What are the two different types of waves?

A

Transverse: Molecular motion is perpendicular to the direction of wave motion

Used to show wavelength and amplitude

Longitudinal: Energy is traveling in the same axis as the applied force

More important in the understanding of sound

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18
Q

What is amplitude?

A

baseline to peak

peak to peak

root means square

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19
Q

What is vibrations?

A

Energy applied to mass will cause vibration

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20
Q

Potential Energy

A

the energy stored within an obkect, due to the objects position arrangement or state

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21
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

the energy of motion

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22
Q

Two types of vibrations

A

Free Vibrations: occurs in the absence of friction and external forces after initial release of body

Forced Vibrations: when a repeated force continuously acts on the system

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23
Q

Damping

A

occurs when the vibrations of a mass decay over time

Light Damping: occurs slowly over time
Heavy Damping: causes oscillations to cease rapidly
Critically Damped: occurs when oscillations cease before a single cycle has been completed

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24
Q

Frequency

A

How frequent an event occurs during a period of time

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25
Q

Cycles per second a.k.a Hertz

A

how many times an item moves from a still position to each opposite direction and back to the original position

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26
Q

Period

A

Time required for each cycle

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27
Q

Effects of length on frequency

A

frequency increases as string is shortened, frequency decreases as string increases

28
Q

Effects of mass on frequency

A

Thicker = lower frequency
Thinner = higher frequency

29
Q

Effects of stiffness on frequency

A

The frequency increases as stiffness of the object is increased

30
Q

Resonance

A

Any object with mass may be set into vibration

31
Q

Resonate Frequency

A

the object vibrates most naturally and easily

32
Q

Velocity

A

The speed with which a sound wave travels from the source to another point

33
Q

Instantaneous Velocity

A

velocity of sound determined at a specific moment

34
Q

Average velocity

A

determined by dividing the distance traveled by the time interval required for passafe

35
Q

Acceleration

A

when velocity is increased

36
Q

Deceleration

A

when velocity is decreased

37
Q

Wavelength

A

The wavelength of a sine wave is the distance from a point on a sine wave to a second point 360 degrees after the beginning

38
Q

Phase

A

The phase of a sine wave is where the wave begins

also known as pure tone

39
Q

Complex sounds

A

Two or more pure tones of different frequencies and amplitudes occurring together

40
Q

Fundamental Frequency

A

lowest rate of a sounds vibration

41
Q

Periodic

A

Pure tone sounds and some complex sounds

42
Q

Aperiodic sounds

A

waveforms that do not repeat itself over time

43
Q

Harmonics/overtones

A

all frequencies are whole number multiples of the fundamental frequency

44
Q

Intensity

A

maximum displacement or the amplitude of a waveform

45
Q

Force (dyne/newton)

A

energy exerted onto adjacent air molecules

46
Q

Pressure (pascals)

A

generated whenever force is distrubuted over a surface area

47
Q

Impedance

A

The opposition a medium offers to the transmission of acoustic energy

48
Q

Levels

A

Intensity Levels
Sound Pressure Levels
Hearing Levels
Sensation Levels

49
Q

Psychoacoustics

A

The relationship between physical stimuli and the psychological responses to which they give rise

50
Q

Psychoacoustics

A

Pitch
Loudness
Localization: Being able to tell which direction a sound is coming from (Marco Polo)
Masking: When two sounds occur simultaneously and one sound causes the other to become inaudible

51
Q

(Chapter 11) What is the auditory nerve also called?

A

acoustic nerve or vestibulocochlear nerve

52
Q

What branches are the auditory made up of?

A

The cochlear branch
The vestibular branch : Inferior and Superior

53
Q

Afferent

A

Traveling up towards the brain

54
Q

Efferent

A

Traveling down and away from the brain

55
Q

Internal auditory canal/meatus

A

begins at the cochlear mediolus and terminates at the base of the brain

approximately 8.5 mm in length

provides a passageway in which the vestibulocochlear nerve and the facial nerve and the labyrinthine artery can pass from inside the skull to structures of the inner ear and face

56
Q

Central Auditory Nervous System

A

auditory information ascending through the auditory pathways start at the auditory nerve

The central auditory pathway is short, fast and ends in the primary auditory cortex

need for ipsilateral and contralateral information

57
Q

Cochlear Nuclei (brainstem)

A

receives auditory nerve information

58
Q

Superior olivary complex (brainstem near the junction of the pons and medulla)

A

first decussation point

59
Q

Inferior colliculus (midbrain)

A

the largest nucleus of the auditory system in humans

the point in the brainstem where all auditory pathways traveling though the brainstem converge

60
Q

Medial Geniculate body (thalamus)

A

important integration occurs

61
Q

Auditory cortex (superior temporal gyrus in the temporal lobe)

A

where the message is recognized

62
Q

Acoustic Neuroma

A

A rare, slow growing benign growth that develops on the auditory nerve

63
Q

Neurofibromatosis

A

Also known as a cause for vestibular schwannomas

benign, slow growing tumors in both ears which can cause hearing loss

64
Q

ANSD (Auditory Dys-synchrony Spectrum Disorder)

A

a hearing disorder in which the inner ear seems to receive sounds normally but the signals leaving the cochlea are disorganized

65
Q

Vascular Accidents

A

Thromboses: formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel

Embolisms: when a clot breaks off from elsewhere in the body and travels to the brain to black a smaller artery

Aneurysms: a weakening of an artery wall that created a bulge of the artery

Cerebrovascular accidents: strokes when blood flow to a part of your brain is stopped either by a blockage or rupture of a blood vessel

Anoxia: when a persons body or brain stops getting oxygen

Audiology (3 decks)

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