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Aphasia > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Incidence

A

of newly diagnosed Cases per specified unit of time

likelynumber ofnewly diagnosed cases per specified unit of time

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2
Q

Prevalence

A

Proportion of people that had/have the disorder at a particular time

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3
Q

Acquired neurogenic cognitive-linguistic disorders

A

Wide array of disorders of language caused by problems in the brain of a person who had previously acquired language

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4
Q

Aphasia is…

A
  1. Acquired
  2. Problem of circuitry more than etiology
  3. Lesion matters: site, size, location
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5
Q

Are congenital disorders, AoS, language of generalized intellectual impairment, and dysarthria neurogenic cognitive linguistic disorders?

A

No

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6
Q

What 4 elements should be in a complete aphasia definition?

A

Acquired, language, neurological, multimodal

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7
Q

Modifiable risk factors

A

Poor diet
Lack of exercise
High stress
Smoking

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8
Q

Non-modifiable risk factors

A

Structural abnormalities in the blood supply
Hematological pathologies
Type 1 diabetes
Gender

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9
Q

3 layers of the meninges

A

Dura matter
Arachnoid matter
Pia matter

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10
Q

Toxemia

A

Poisoning, irritation, or inflammation of nervous system tissue through exposure to harmful substances

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11
Q

Neoplasm (tumor)

A

2 major types:
Malignant and benign

Etiologies: primary tumors result from uncontrolled growth of 2 types of cells
- glial and meningeal cells

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12
Q

What is a transient ischemic attack?

A

Temporary blockage of the blood supply to any area of the brain.
Usually lasts less than 30 minutes

Usually occurs before full blown stroke

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13
Q

Warning signs and causes of TIA?

A

Warning signs are the same as for stroke

Causes are a thrombus or an embolus, change in BP

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14
Q

What % of strokes are ischemic?

A

80%

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15
Q

What factors affect prognosis for recovery from stroke or TBI?

A

Etiology
Pre-onset characteristics
Present (post-onset) status
General positive and negative influences

For people w/ aphasia: Aphasia severity and type

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16
Q

What is anoxia?

A

Lack of oxygen can cause generalized cortical loss

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17
Q

Receptive/Fluent/Posterior aphasias

A

More difficulty with comprehension as opposed to production

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18
Q

Expressive/Non-fluent/Anterior aphasias

A

More difficultly with production as opposed to comprehension

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19
Q

which term best conveys patient centered care?
Patient
Aphasic
Their name

A

Their name

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20
Q

What are the components of health and functioning according to the WHO ICF?

A

Body structures & functions
activities and participation
environmental
personal

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21
Q

Etiologies of stroke

A

cerebral thrombosis, embolism, or hemorrhage
subarachnoid hemorrhage
transient ischemic attack
arterio-venous malformation (congenital)

the primary cause of stoke is atherosclerosis (buildup of matter within arteries)

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22
Q

How is the WHO ICF relevant to clinicians?

A

How is the WHO ICF relevant to clinicians?

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23
Q

Unidimensional framework of aphasia

A

All levels of language included as one cohesive set of abilities

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24
Q

Multidimensional framework of aphasia

A

Recognizes varied forms/ syndromes of aphasia
Ties form of aphasia to site of lesion

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25
Medical framework of aphasia
Considers aphasia at the IMPAIRMENT level Assessment identifies deficits – Treatment design to reduce deficits
26
Cognitive neuropsychological framework of aphasia
Based on models of mental representation and types and stages of information processing Aphasia seen as a disruption in the processing required and that processing passes unidirectionally in stages.
27
Biopsychosocial framework of aphasia
Attention to the complex interaction of multiple factors that constitute “disability” and affect health.
28
Social framework of aphasia
Aphasia viewed as a social condition, not an individual’s impairment Severity of aphasia, NOT a function of the level of cognitive-linguistic deficit, but influenced by the person’s communicative environment
29
CAT scan
Quick results but poor resolution and unable to detect acute infarcts in the cerebrum or brain stem
30
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
sensitive to acute injury (4-6 hours). Cannot be used with ferrous metal implants. Can induce claustrophobia
31
Diffusion Weighted Imaging
can detect an infarct in 15-20 minutes but cannot be used with metal implants.
32
functional MRI
indexing dynamic changes in blood flow related to O2 levels in the cerebral tissue. Useful for studying patterns of brain processing
33
Cerebral angiography
uses a contrast medium and can visual the extent of cerebral blood flow problems.
34
EEG
low-cost, non-invasive procedure for measuring brain waves
35
electrocorticography
very invasive procedure that can delineate (map out) areas of function and non-function during surgical planning for tumors or epilepsy.
36
What does BE FAST stand for ?
Balance loss Eyesight changes Face drooping Arm Weakness Speech difficulty Time to call 911
37
Which is most important between cultural competence, cultural responsiveness, and cultural humility? Why did you make that choice?
Cultural humility is recognizing that you will have a different set of beliefs, background, racial, gender, sexuality, etc. from your patient but knowing that when it comes to speaking with and treating your patient it is important to always take their culture into account Cultural responsiveness is ensuring that your statements/responses to your patient are culturally sensitive to their beliefs, background, language, etc. This is also ensuring that your therapy with them is culturally sensitive as well. Cultural competence is having a significant understanding of your patient's (or anyone else's) cultural background but does not necessarily include respecting it. It is purely a measurement of knowledge of the subject matter.
38
Transcortical Motor aphasia
damage to the anterior watershed area of L frontal lobe similar to Broca's but repetition is intact
39
Transcortical sensory aphasia
damage to angular gyrus (BA 39) posterior middle temporal gyrus (BA 37) similar to Wernicke's but repetition is intact
40
Mixed transcortical aphasia
multi-focal lesions in the frontal /temporal watershed regions similar to global aphasia but intact repetition
41
Conduction aphasia
damage to arcuate fasciculus impaired repetition; literal paraphasia
42
Anomic aphasia
43
Global aphasia
damage to planum temporale combination of expressive and receptive language deficits in all modalities
44
Broca's aphasia
Damage to frontal operculum (BAs 44 and 45) agrammatism; telegraphic speech; dysnomia; circumlocutions; literal paraphasia; effortful speech; catastrophic reaction; emotional lability
45
Wernicke's aphasia
damage to superior temporal lobe; BA 22 neologisms; paraphasias (literal, semantic); logorrhea; press of speech; anosognosia; verbal perseveration
46
Places aphasiologists work?
Hospitals Rehabilitation centers Skilled nursing facilities Long-term care facilities Continuing care retirement communities Home health agencies Private practice clinics Not-for-profit communication disorders clinics Home health agencies Aphasia centers
47
primary progressive aphasia
The ongoing loss of language abilities in the face of relatively preserved cognitive abilities Subtypes: semantic, logopenic, agrammatic (non-fluent)
48
anomic aphasia
Word-finding difficulty; spared comprehension/syntactic production; circumlocutions; the use of generic terms; fillers
49
crossed aphasia
Any form of aphasia that is due to damage to the right hemisphere instead of the left in a person who is right-handed
50
subcortical aphasia
Any form of aphasia that is associated with a lesion below the cortex Lesion sites: thalamus; basal ganglia; cerebellum; internal capsule
51
What do SLPs specializing in neurogenic communication disorders do?
teaching and mentoring clinical intervention interprofessional collaboration advocacy business-related responsibilities leadership and management research
52
multidisciplinary team
Each team member represents his/her own expertise and confers with other team members regularly about discipline-specific and general rehab goals
53
interdisciplinary team
Greater communication across team members, high degree of collaborative decision making about strategies for working together to achieve optimal outcomes for overall health and wellbeing
54
transdisciplinary team
Further cross-training of team members; lines clearly demarcating expertise of one discipline’s scope of practice may be blurred
55
how do SLPs get paid?
salary hourly rate for all services hourly for billable services pre diem (daily) specified amount per unit of time privately
56
What makes services reimbursable?
Effective documentation A physician’s order Pre-authorization for services by the third-party payer Evidence services are covered by the plan Evidence of need for skilled services Confirmation the methods used are evidence-based Documentation of the life-impacting nature of services Evidence of treatment progress Good relationships with decision makers at third-party payer agencies
57
law
Law consists of locally, regionally, or nationally adopted rules and principles about rights, equality, fairness, and involves the balancing of varied interest
58
morality
Morality consists of subjective judgment of what conduct and consequences are good and bad Moral principles include: Respect for people, Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Justice
59
ethics
Ethics is subjective decision-making about what is right or wrong, what our obligations to other are, and what is appropriate
60
What global trends are affecting the incidence and prevalence of neurogenic communication disorders? 
Rapidly expanding aging population Demographic shifts Increasing incidence and prevalence of conditions that cause neurogenic communication disorders Health-care and prevention infrastructure challenges Global health priorities
61
what are the purposes of assessment?
Supporting initial and ongoing intervention Contributing to the diagnostic process Indexing and describing declining abilities Indexing and describing the various impacts of language and related cognitive impairments Helping inform prognosis Planning intervention with substantial patient and family input Measuring, describing, and documenting baselines and progress during treatment Justifying treatment to payors Determining when a person has met goals Collecting data to document clinical outcomes

Aphasia (1 decks)

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