Quiz 1 Flashcards
(33 cards)
Explain the Miller-Urey Experiment
recreate what would be the origins of life
- H2O, heat, electricity, CO2, CH4, NH3
Given the compound name, what is the structure + linkage
- amine
- alcohol
- thiol
- ether
- aldehyde
- ketone
- carboxylic acid
find ss (1)
Given the compound name, what is the structure + linkage
- ester
- thioester
- amide
- imine
- disulphide
- phosphate ester
- diphosphate ester
- phosphate diester
find ss (2)
Protein biopolymer is made of what monomer
amino acid
nucleic acid biopolymer is made of what monomer
nucleotides
polysaccharide biopolymer is made of what monomer
monosaccharide
phospholipid bipolymer is made of what monomer
fatty acids
Two versions of complementarity, which attach building blocks
intramolecular (onto itself)
intermolecular (to others)
What is crucial self-assembly? Why?
compartmentation
-keep high concentration
-keep away from the bulky stuff
-keep constant environment
Major difference be prokaryotes and eukaryotes
nucleus
P - no, E - membrane enclosed
Draw DNA T-A and G-C with sugars and phosphates
find ss “nucleic acid structures”
Main difference between covalent and non-covalent bonds
non-covalent
- good for bind/let go
- interchain
covalent
- strong, slow, non-reversible
-intrachain
What is the approximate energy range for covalent bonds?
~150 to 400 kJ/mol
What is the approximate energy range for charge-charge
charge-dipole
dipole-dipole
20-80 kJ/mol
What is the approximate energy range for
charge induced-dipole
dipole induced-dipole
VDW
2-4 kJ/mol
What is the approximate energy range for hydrogen bonds?
8-20 kJ/mol
Important to remember even if the strength of the attraction is much weaker the repulsion is the same because it’s the same nuclei, this means what?
optimal bond length gets longer in weaker forces
What allows more polarizability? Give an example of an element that would have high polarizability.
larger atomic radius means more space between nuclei which means stronger stability = Iodine is a good example
When is a hydrogen bond strongest? What is this phenomenon called?
directional bond, strongest at 180º
What properties does water have that allow life at a molecular level?
ideal h-bond donor and acceptor
2 of each = 4 interactions
What properties does water have that sustain and support biochemical integrity?
- large temperature capacity
- liquid water is thermodynamically favoured
- high polarity
- selective solvation of hydrophilic species
Gibbs free energy
∆G = ∆H - T∆S
G = free energy
H = enthalpy (consumption/production of energy)
S = entropy (degree of randomness)
-∆G = spontaneous
Hydrophobic effect
water drives the self-assembly of hydrophobic species
- want to limit clathrate BCS entropically unfavourable, bring together to allow higher entropy
Equation for pH from acid concentration
pH = -log[H+]
