Quiz 1

Question 1

What is archaeology?

Answer 1

The study of human lifeways, culture, and materials

Question 2

How is archaeology classified?

Answer 2

As a science and a type of anthropology

Question 3

What is the difference between an archaeologist and a collector?

Answer 3

A collector gathers artifacts to sell or for personal gain but archaeologists collect artifacts for the sake of knowledge

Question 4

Why is archaeology a science?

Answer 4

The scientific method is used

Question 5

What is the scientific method?

Answer 5

1. Indentification of research problems
2. Theoretical basis for research
3. Hypotheses
4. Test implications
5. Confirmation
6. Testability
7. Explanation

Question 6

What are the goals of archaeology?

Answer 6

1. Studying culture history
2. Reconstructing past lifeways
3. Explaining culture change
4. Making archaeology relevant to the present

Question 7

What is the prehistoric subfield?

Answer 7

Before written records

Question 8

What is the historic subfield?

Answer 8

In addition to texts

Question 9

What is the classical archaeology?

Answer 9

Using written sources, architecture, and art

Question 10

What is the underwater archaeology?

Answer 10

Waterlogged sites or artifacts with special techniques

Question 11

What do ceramic analysts look at?

Answer 11

Ceramics and pottery

Question 12

What do lithic analysts look at?

Answer 12

Stone tools

Question 13

What do metallurgists look at?

Answer 13

Metal production

Question 14

What do architecture analysts look at?

Answer 14

Landscape and buildings

Question 15

What do bioarchaeologists look at?

Answer 15

Human remains, adaptations, and growth

Question 16

What do paleoethnobotanists look at?

Answer 16

Plant remains, plants that were traded, and impacted economic species

Question 17

What do zooarchaeologists look at?

Answer 17

Animal bones and human interactions

Question 18

What do geoarchaeologists look at?

Answer 18

Human environments

Question 19

What do geographic information systems do?

Answer 19

Spatial distribution and artifacts

Question 20

What does epigraphy do?

Answer 20

Ancient writing systems

Question 21

What do ethnoarchaeologists look at?

Answer 21

Interacting with living culture

Question 22

How do you find a site?

Answer 22

1. Luck
2. Pedestrian survey
3. Local knowledge
4. Historical documents
5. Aerial photography

Question 23

What brings artifacts to the surface?

Answer 23

1. Plowing farmed areas
2. Animal burrows
3. Tree falls

Question 24

What is context?

Answer 24

It is the use and information behind the artifact being collected

Question 25

What is remote sensing?

Answer 25

A method of collecting artifacts without changing the context

Question 26

What are the common remote sensing methods?

Answer 26

1. Aerial photography 2. Ground penetrating radar 3. Magnetometry 4. Light Detection and Ranging

Question 27

What is excavation?

Answer 27

Precisely recorded and controlled areas with coordinates that preserve the context

Question 28

What is stratigraphy?

Answer 28

A method of analyzing the layers where the upper layers are new and the bottom layers are old

Question 29

What is the difference between artifacts and ecofacts?

Answer 29

Artifacts are man made but ecofacts are natural

Question 30

What is relative dating?

Answer 30

The date of an artifact with reference to something else

Question 31

What is absolute dating?

Answer 31

When you provide an artifact with a specific calendar date

Question 32

What does stratigraphy tell us?

Answer 32

As the Law of Superposition states the older layers are on the bottom while the newer layers are on top

Question 33

What does seriation tell us?

Answer 33

Organizes relative dates based on morphological order and by categorizing it and then organizing it by time

Question 34

What do written records and coins tell us?

Answer 34

Tells us the history and the coins can tell us the leader and time frame

Question 35

What does dendrochronology tell us?

Answer 35

Using the tree rings as a form of measurement where each ring is 1 year, the thinner ring represents a dry year, and the thicker rings represent a rainy year

Question 36

What does radiocarbon dating tell us?

Answer 36

Using the half life of carbon 14 of 5,730 years to determine the time frame

Question 37

What are the assumptions for seriation?

Answer 37

The distribution of a historical type through time is continuous

Question 38

What do you need for dendrochronology to occur?

Answer 38

1. Outermost ring 2. Established a relationship between the dated and target events

Question 39

Where did the earliest point of farming begin?

Answer 39

Southwest Asia

Question 40

What are the advantages of food production?

Answer 40

- Steady - Select desirable foods - Pleantiful - Increases sedentism - Geographic expansion

Question 41

What are the disadvantages of food production?

Answer 41

- Workload - Creating an attractive resource for your enemies - Danger to small lands of food sources

Question 42

What was the architecture in the Catalhoyuk society?

Answer 42

To walk on roofs

Question 43

What is the fertile crescent?

Answer 43

The crescent near the middle east where the environment is wet and enables growth