QUIZ 1 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Definition of Instrumentation:
Equipment or software that allows a clinical or researcher to acquire and analyze physiological or acoustic data objectively
What are some advantages of Instrumentation?
- it is an objective measure
- can give us good reasonably objective data pre and post therapy
- data accuracy
- repeatable results
What are some disadvantages of Instrumentation?
-expensive
- It is challenging with voice analysis because there is not a great relationship between the numbers we get when we analyze voice and what we actually hear.
What is the best use of Instrumentation?
Firstly, you go with your perceptual judgement and hopefully the instrumentation backs you up.
Example: You can say I perceive pitch to be between normal limits and fundamental frequency is measured by the visi pitch was 200 hz which is within normal limits for a female speaker.
What are the physiological systems?
- Respiratory System
- Laryngeal System
- Velopharyngeal System (VP)
- Articulatory System
Function of Respiratory System
- provides the driving force for speech (airflow)
- provides air pressure for voicing
- handles ventilation for life
- involved in blood gas exchange
Function of Laryngeal System
- responsible for voice reproduction (phonotation)
- airway protection during swallowing
-VOICING FOR SPEECH - respiratory valving to regulate airflow
Function of VP system
-controls airflow between the nasal and oral caviities during speech
- opens for nasals and closes for non nasal
-ACTIVE AND FUNCTIONAL ANYTIME WE ARE NOT PRODUCING NASAL SOUNDS
Function of Articulatory System
-shapes speech sounds (using tongue, lips and other oral structures)
- makes speech intelligible by shaping the sounds produced. Uses tongue, teeth and lips as the articulators
Bronchial Tree
Trachea
Composed of hyaline cartilage and its function is to conduct air and is also the structure with the largest diameter.
Bronchi
Composed of hyaline cartilage and smooth muscle. Its function is to conduct air and undergo constriction and dilation are also the next biggest tubes after the trachea.
Bronchial Tube
-Combination of cartilage and smooth muscle
-Compliant tubes lined by respiratory mucosa
-Conduct air and clear filter foreign particle
-Approximately 10,000 of liters of inspired air per day
Bronchiolis
First region lacking cartilage plates but still contains smooth muscle. Its function is to conduct air, produce secretions and participate in gas exchange.
What happens in Asthma?
-Smooth muscle becomes inflamed
-Decreases sides of airway which makes it hard to breath
-In a healthy bronchial you have healthy muscle but its wide open
-The constriction increases resistance which makes it harder for air to go through narrow airway
Info about alveoli and Bronchial Tree
- Alveoli are small and sophisticated and surrounded by a network of blood vessels
-Alveoli are irregular shapes at the end of the bronchioles
-From the alveoli – working our way from most interior part and alveoli are extending from bronchial which are the narrower tubes in bronchial tree
-Branching of bronchial tree- structure with greatest diameter is the trachea
- trachea then splits into the bronchi which are the next biggest tubes
-Think about internal diameter of these tubes– really easy for air to pass through bronchial tubes
-Airflow should be easy when breathing – why? Because tubes are designed to minimize resistance of airflow
bifrucations
branching of bronchi into narrower tubes. Its purpose is to increase cross sectional area for efficient airflow
skinny tubes are
short
wide tubes are
long
right mainstem bronchus vs left mainstem bronchus
right mainstem bronchus is straighter than the left…making it more susceptible to aspiration.
left mainstem bronchus is more angled to accomodate the heart
tracheal rings
-Tracheal rings– C shaped— open in the back
Esophagus is right by the open side of the tracheal rings
Trachealis Muscle
Trachealis muscle separates tracheal rings from the esophagus
Protection of the airway in the front but could run into problems with the esophagus being behind it
Whenever there is not food or liquid in it– esophagus is just a flattened tube behind trachealis muscle
Alveoli
-Gas exchange
-Alveoli– tiny air sacs in lungs where gas exchange occurs
- Structure: surrounded by capillaries with very thin walls to facilitate rapid gas exchange
