Quiz #1 Flashcards by Char Wms

community corrections

is a system
imposed by the court on individuals who
have committed a crime in which they serve
all or part of their sentence/sanction through
community-based placements and programs
as an alternative to incarceration

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Front End of Corrections

Probation
Shock incarceration/boot camp
Specialty Court (Drug Court, Jobs Court etc.)
Community Residential Treatment
Electronic Monitoring/House Arrest

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Back End Corrections

Parole
* Intensive Supervision Probation
* Specialty Court (Drug Court, Jobs Court etc.)
* Community Residential Treatment
* Electronic Monitoring
3

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post-adjudication

he defendant has
either pleaded guilty or been found guilty by a judge or jury

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Most common form of community corrections

Probation

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Non-Violent Crime

*Most property crimes
* white- collar crime
*Various drug and alcohol-related
crimes
*Prostitution
*Racketeering and gambling
*Bribery
*Numerous traffic offenses

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Violent Crime- A.K.A “Crimes
against a person”

*Assault and battery
*Homicides (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th
degree)
*Domestic violence/Intimate
Partner Violence
*Robbery
*Sexual assault and abuse
*False imprisonment

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Community corrections

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Front End Corrections

Probation
* Shock incarceration/boot camp
* Specialty Court (Drug Court, Jobs Court etc.)
* Community Residential Treatment
* Electronic Monitoring/House Arrest

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Back End Corrections

Parole
Intensive Supervision Probation
Specialty Court (Drug Court, Jobs Court etc.)
Community Residential Treatment
Electronic Monitoring
3

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post-adjudication-

the defendant has
either pleaded guilty or been found guilty by a judge or jury

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most common form of community supervision

probation

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Non-Violent Crime

*Most property crimes

white-collar crime
*Various drug and alcohol-related crimes
*Prostitution
*Racketeering and gambling
*Bribery
*Numerous types of traffic
offenses

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Violent Crime(A.K.A “Crimes
against a person”)-

*Assault and battery
*Homicides (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th
degree)
*Domestic violence/Intimate
Partner Violence
*Robbery
*Sexual assault and abuse
*False imprisonment

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Front end Offers

Offer offenders an opportunity to either stay in the “free” community

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Back End Offers

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reenter society after a portion of incarceration

Religious based:

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Criminals who claimed sanctuary are protected until they confess

If confessed offered abjuration

Abjuration-

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The offender would
promise to leave with an explicit understanding they couldn’t return
unless invited back by the Crown

Secular based:

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{self-selected banishment} Various
regions set aside as form of neutral ground, safe havens
from criminal prosecution

Benefit of Clergy

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Exempts clergy members accused of crimes

judicial reprieve

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judge leniency

recognizance

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humanize criminal law and mitigate its harshness

Binding over

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the use of a bond or obligation entered by the
defendant who is bound to refrain from doing something
for a stipulated period and to appear in court for a final
disposition of the case

John Augustus

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recognized as the father of modern
probation.

Sir Walter Crofton

directed the prison system of Ireland believed that jail and prison conditions were barbaric and without reform might contribute to more offending, not less

Mark system-

“marks” could be earned each day for successful work and behavior

Ticket of Leave

- a permit given to a convicted offender in exchange for a certain timeframe of good conduct

Benevolent Supervisor Theory

Comes from a place of good intentions, and parole and probation officers would be “likely to befriend” who they supervised as a helpful influence to reclaim offenders from their evil ways and restore them to proper condu

Privilege Theory

Defendants/those convicted have NO right to be sentenced to community supervision and is an undeserved act of mercy by the court or by the parole board/commission

Contract Theory

In exchange for the privilege of being diverted to community supervision or released early from incarceration, justice involved should enter into a contract under which they agree to abide by certain rules - derivative of privilege theory

Casework model 1900-1970-

Oriented toward providing therapeutic services to probationers and parolees to assist them with living in the community productively. Much language during this time geared toward treatment and diagnosis

* Brokerage model 1971-

1981 Casework model began to break down and it began to believed that many services needed could be more readily and effectively provided by specialized community agencies that handle: mental health, housing, employment, education and private welfare/economic assistance - Probation is a privilege not a right! * 1974 Martinson Report with few and isolated exceptions, the rehabilitative efforts that have been reported so far have had no real effect on recidivism

* Justice model 1982-2000

an escalated system of sanctions corresponding to the social harm resulting from an offense or violation of rules

* Neighborhood Supervision model 2001-present-

officers supervise their caseload according to zip code, and can be more visible on the street, making home/employment visits instead of just sitting in an office

* Criminogenic Need-Based Supervision- 2012-present

has mostly replaced the justice model requires officers to return to establishing a meaningful and professional relationship in a blended role of being therapeutic change agents and enforcers of rules/conditions

Technical Violation

If you are found guilty of violating probation for conditions of your probation, you may receive up to your maximum previously suspended sentence. This will be at the discretion of the judge.

Quiz #1 Flashcards

(36 cards)