quiz 1

Question 1

awareness of and ability to manage one’s own emotions, as well as the ability to be self- motivated, to feel what others feel, and to be socially skilled

• Viewed as a powerful influence on success in life

Answer 1

Emotional Intelligence

Question 2

conducted a longitudinal study that demonstrated that gifted children grow up to be successful adults, mostly

• criticized for a lack of objectivity, because became too involved in the lives of his “Termites”, even point of interfering on their behalf.

Answer 2

Terman Study

Question 3

can vary from mild to profound

• Causes

Deprived environments

• Chromosome and genetic disorders

• Alcohol

• Dietary deficiencies

• Toxins in environment

Answer 3

Intellectual disability

Question 4

intellectual developmental disorder): a person exhibits deficits in mental ability and adaptive behavior

Answer 4

Intellectual disability (

Question 5

• IQ falls below 70
is severely deficient for a person of a particular chronological age

Formerly known as mental retardation or developmentally delayed

Answer 5

Adaptive Behavior

Question 6

are generally valid for predicting academic success and job performance

• They also play an important role in neuropsychology

Useful for assessing and evaluating a variety of conditions and disorders

Head injuries

Learning disabilities

Neuropsychological disorders

Answer 6

Iq Test

Question 7

the process of giving test to a large group of people that represents kind of people for whom the test is designed

• Norms: scores from the standardization group

• Most intelligence tests follow a normal curve

Answer 7

Standardization

Question 8

the tendency of a test to produce the same scores again and again each time it is given to the same people

Answer 8

Reliability

Question 9

the degree to which a test actually measures what it’s supposed to measure

Answer 9

Validity

Question 10

David Wechsler was first to devise series of tests for specific

age groups Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC ) Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)

Assessments includes both verbal and nonverbal subtests to yield an overall score of intelligence and four index scores

Verbal comprehension.

Perceptual reasoning

• Working memory

Processing speed

Answer 10

The Wechsler Tests

Question 11

originally used intelligence quotient, comparing mental age and

chronological age IQMA/CA x 100

• Allowed comparison across age groups up to about 16 years of age

Today: consistent with most other similar assessments, uses age- group comparison norms

Answer 11

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales

Question 12

Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory: frontal and parietal brain areas play the most important roles with regard to brain area and function

Researchers suggest other areas such as the posterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex, and specific subcortical areas also play critical roles

Answer 12

Neuroscience theories

Question 13

Crystalized intelligence: represents acquired knowledge and skills

Fluid intelligence: problem solving and adaptability in unfamiliar situations

Other abilities include visual and auditory processing, memory, speed of processing, reaction time, quantitative skills and reading- writing skills

Suggested that CHC theory is most researched, empirically supported, and comprehensive

Answer 13

Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory

Question 14

there are three kinds of intelligences

Analytical intelligence: the ability to break problems down into component parts, or analysis, for problem solving

Creative intelligence: the ability to deal with new and different concepts and to come up with new ways of solving problems

Practical intelligence: the ability to use information to get along in life and become successful; “street smarts”

Answer 14

Sternberg’s triarchic theory:

Question 15

the ability to break problems down into component parts, or analysis, for problem solving

Answer 15

Analytical intelligence:

Question 16

the ability to deal with new and different concepts and to come up with new ways of solving problems

Answer 16

Creative intelligence

Question 17

the ability to use information to get along in life and become successful; “street smarts”

Answer 17

Practical intelligence

Question 18

believes reason, logic, and knowledge are different aspects of intelligences, along with several other abilities.

• Original list had seven different kinds of intelligence; later added two more

Answer 18

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences:

Question 19

the ability to learn from one’s experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems

Spearman’s Theory

g factor: the ability to reason and solve problems; general intelligence

s factor: the ability to excel in certain areas; specific intelligence

Answer 19

Intelligence

Question 20

Generate as many ideas as possible in a short period of time without judging each idea’s merits until all ideas are recorded.

Answer 20

Brainstorming

Question 21

Carry a journal to write down ideas as they occur, or use a note-taking or voice-recording app on your cell phone to capture those same ideas and thoughts.

Answer 21

Keeping a Journal

Question 22

Write down or record everything that comes to mind about a topic without revising or proofreading until all of the information is written or recorded in some way. Organize it later.

Answer 22

freewriting

Question 23

Start with a central idea and draw a “map” with lines from the center to other related ideas, forming a visual representation of the concepts and their ections.

Answer 23

Mind Mapping

Question 24

the process of solving problems by combining ideas or behavior in new ways

Answer 24

Creativity

Question 25

having only one answer, and all lines of thinking will eventually lead to (converge on) that single answer, using previous knowledge and logic.

Answer 25

Convergent thinking

Question 26

a person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point ta kind of creativity)

Answer 26

Divergent thinking

Question 27

block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objects only in terms of their typical functions

Answer 27

Functional fixedness

Question 28

the tendency for people to persist in using problem-solving patterns that have worked for them in the past

Answer 28

Mental Set

Question 29

the tendency to search for evidence that fits one's beliefs while ignoring any evidence that does not fit those beliefs

Answer 29

Confirmation bias:

Question 30

sudden perception of a solution to a problem "Aha!" moment Problem may be recognized as similar to another previously solved, for example Typically occurs when people think of other things

Answer 30

Insight

Question 31

educated guess based on prior experiences that helps narrow down possible solutions for a problem Also known as a "rule of thumb" Representative heuristic Availability heuristic Working backward Subgoals

Answer 31

Heuristic

Question 32

problem-solving method in which one possible solution after another is tried until a successful one is found

Answer 32

Trial and error (

Question 33

very specific, step-by-step procedures for solving certain types of problems • Will always result in a correct solution if one exists to be found, such as mathematical formulas

Answer 33

Algorithms

Question 34

can be defined as mental activity that goes on in the brain when a person is organizing and attempting to understand information and communicating information to others

Answer 34

Thinking

Question 35

are mental representations that stand for ofrjects of events and have a picture like quality

Answer 35

mental images

Question 36

are ideas that represent a class or category of events, objects, or activities

Answer 36

Concepts

Question 37

Strict rules for defining

Answer 37

formal concept

Question 38

Developed through experience

Answer 38

Natural concepts

Question 39

is an example of a concept that closely matches the defining characteristics of that concept

Answer 39

Prototype

Question 40

a process of cognition that occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving in certain ways

Answer 40

Problem Solving

Question 41

a process of cognition that involves identifying, evaluating, and choosing among several alternatives

Answer 41

Decision Making

Question 42

problem-solving method in which one possible solution after another is tried until a successful one is found

Answer 42

Trial And Error

Question 43

are very specific, step-by-step procedures for solving certain types of problems.

Answer 43

Algorithms

Question 44

an educated guess based on prior experiences that helps narrow down the possible solutions for a problem; also known as a "rule of thumb

Answer 44

Heuristic

Question 45

an assumption that any object (or person) sharing characteristics with members of a particular category is also a member of that category.

Answer 45

Representativeness heuristic

Question 46

estimating the frequency or likelihood of an event based on how easy it is to recall relevant information from memory or how easy it is for us to think of related examples.

Answer 46

Availability heuristic

Question 47

A useful heuristic that does work much of the time is to work backward from the goal

Answer 47

Working Backward

Question 48

breaking down a goal down into smaller steps to reach a solution.

Answer 48

Subgoals

Question 49

a block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objecte ins terms of only then typical functions

Answer 49

Functional Fixedness

Question 50

the tendency for people to persist in using problem-solving patterns that have worked for them in the past

Answer 50

Mental Set

Question 51

the tendency to search for evidence that fits one's beliefs while ignoring any evidence that does not fit those beliefs

Answer 51

Confirmation bias

Question 52

process of solving problems by combining ideas or behavior in new ways,

Answer 52

creativity

Question 53

type of thinking in which a problem is seen as having only one answer and all lines of thinking will eventually lead to that single answer, using previous knowledge and logic

Answer 53

Convergent thinking

Question 54

type of thinking in which a person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point. 4. Creative people are usually good at mental imagery and have knowledge of a wide range of topics, aren't afraid to be different, value their independence, and are often unconventional in their work but not otherwise

Answer 54

Divergent Thinking

Question 55

is the ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems

Answer 55

Intellgience

Question 56

the ability to reason and solve problems, or general intelligence, s factor the ability to excel in certain areas, or specific intelligence

Answer 56

Spearman's g factor:

Question 57

proposes that there three kinds of intelligence analytical, creative, and practical

Answer 57

Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence

Question 58

the ability to break problems down into component parts, or analysis, for problem solving

Answer 58

Analytic intelligence

Question 59

the ability to deal with new and different concepts and to come up with new ways of solving problems.

Answer 59

Creative intelligence

Question 60

the ability to use information to get along in life and become successful.

Answer 60

Practical intelligence:

Question 61

number representing a measure of intelligence, resulting from the division of one's mental age by one's chronological age and then multiplying that quotient by 100

Answer 61

Intelligence quotient (IQ

Question 62

the tendency of a test to produce the same scores again and again each time it is given to the same people.

Answer 62

Reliability

Question 63

the degree to which a test actually measures what it is supposed to measure.

Answer 63

Validity

Question 64

type of intelligence measure that assumes that IQ is normally distributed around a mean of 100 with a standard deviation of about 15.

Answer 64

Deviation IQs scores:

Question 65

is a condition in which a person's behavioral and cognitive skills exist at an earlier developmental stage than the skills of others who are the same chronological age; may also be referred to as developmentally delayed. This condition was formerly known as mental retardation

Answer 65

. Intellectual disability

Question 66

category is the 2 percent of the population falling on the upper end of the normal curve and typically possessing an IQ of 130 or above

Answer 66

gifted

Question 67

awareness of and ability to manage one's own emotions to facilitate thinking and attain goals, as well as the ability to understand emotions in others

Answer 67

Emotional Intellgience

Question 68

is the degree to which the changes in some trait within a population can be considered to be due to genetic influences, the extent individual genetic differences affect individual differences in observed behavior, in IQ, proportion of change in IQ within a population that is caused by hereditary factors. Heritability of IQ is estimated st 50.

Answer 68

heritability

Question 69

condition in which being made aware of a negative performance stereotype interferes with the performance of someone that considers himself or herself part of that group

Answer 69

Stereotype threat

Question 70

is a system for combining symbols (such as words) so that an unlimited number of meaningful statements can be made for the purpose of communicating with others

Answer 70

Language

Question 71

system of rules governing the structure and use of a language.

Answer 71

grammar

Question 72

basic units of sound in a language.

Answer 72

Phonemas

Question 73

the smallest units of meaning within a language

Answer 73

Morphemes

Question 74

the system of rules for combining words and phrases to form grammatically correct sentences

Answer 74

Syntax

Question 75

the rules for determining the meaning of words and sentences.

Answer 75

Semantics

Question 76

aspects of language involving the practical ways of communicating with others, or the social "niceties" of language

Answer 76

Pragmatics

Question 77

Concepts precede and aid language development

Answer 77

Piaget

Question 78

Language aids cognitive development and behavior control.

Answer 78

Vygotsky

Question 79

the theory that thought processes and concepts ans controlled by language (eg. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Answer 79

Linguistic relativity hypothesis:

Question 80

theory that concepts are universal and influence the development of language (e.g., Rosch-Heider

Answer 80

Cognitive universalism,

Question 81

the ability to excel in certain areas,or specific intelligence

Answer 81

s factor

Question 82

Ability to control one's body motions

Answer 82

Movement

Question 83

Sensitivity to others and understanding motivation of others

Answer 83

interpersonal

Question 84

Understanding of one's emotions and how they guide actions

Answer 84

Intra personal

Question 85

Ability to recognize the patterns found in nature

Answer 85

Naturalist

Question 86

Ability to see the "big picture" of the human world by asking questions about life, death, and the ultimate reality of human existence

Answer 86

Existentialist (a candidate intelligence

Question 87

Ability to use language

Answer 87

Verbal/Linguistic

Question 88

Ability to compose and/or perform music

Answer 88

Musical

Question 89

Ability to think logically and to solve mathematical problems

Answer 89

Logical/mathematical

Question 90

Ability to understand how objects are oriented in space

Answer 90

Visual/Spatial