Quiz 1 Flashcards by Aliyah Bennett

Anything used to prevent trauma

Preventative/therapeutic materials

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What are examples of Preventative/therapeutic materials?

Sealants
Mouth guards
Fluoride

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Replace or restore tooth structure that’s been lost from disease or trauma

Restorative materials

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What are examples of restorative materials?

Fillings
Crowns

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Require 1 appointment - same day as discovery

Direct materials

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Customized to tooth structure – sent to lab for creation – 2-3 appointments

Indirect materials

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Meant to be used permanently

Permanent materials

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Temporary, Used in meantime of tooth being prepared and restored

Intermediate materials

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Fabricate restorations for restorative materials

Auxiliary materials

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What are examples of auxiliary materials?

Wax
Alginate
Stone

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What does biocompatibility aim to avoid?

 Post-op sensitivity
 Hypersensitivity
 Irritation
 Toxicity

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pushing, pulling, twisting that goes on in mouth

Force (load)

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pulling apart, open mouth

Tensile force

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move towards each other, on top of each other, biting

Compressive force

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front teeth used to bite into something, front teeth glide past each other

Shearing force

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amount of change force produced in an object

Strain

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twisting force, compressive & tensile

Torsion (torque)

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compressive, tensile, & shearing force

Flexure (bending force)

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What is Stress/resist force is measured in?

PSI
Mpa

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energy needed to fracture material

Fracture toughness

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Point of fracture

Ultimate strength

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Energy needed to permanently deform material

Resilience

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resulting fracture from repeated stress causing small flaws over time

Fatigue failure

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small changes in shape form continuous compressive form

Creep

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like creep; slow decrease in force over time

Stress relaxation

stress focused around defects

Stress concentration

What factors are associated with moisture and acid?

Solubility Water sorption Corrosion

phenomenon of electrical current transmission via electrolyte solution between two dissimilar metals

Galvanism

Stimulates tooth pulp

Galvanic shock

expanding with heat/contracting with cold

Dimensional change

measurement of change in volume/length in relation to temperature

Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE)

repeated shrinking/expanding & oil fluids entering the gaps

Percolation

rate of heat flow through material over time

Thermal conductivity

chemical reaction that produces heat

Exothermic reaction

o Can affect longevity of restorations o Fluids/microbes leak into interface causing recurrent caries, stain, sensitivity

Microleakage

Space between tooth and restoration

Interface

ability to maintain position without displacement under stress

Retention

acid etch -> rough surface -> bonding materials lock into place

Bonding

What factors affect bond strength?

Wetting Viscosity Film thickness

degree a liquid adhesive can spread over a surface

Wetting

What is wettability determined by?

by contact angle between liquid & surface

What can affect wetting and film thickness?

Viscosity

minimal thickness of materials

Film thickness

dominant color

Hue

Intensity of color

Chroma

Light vs. dark color

Value

strongest, involve sharing or transferring of electrons

Primary bond

Two nonmetal atoms sharing outer shell electrons

Covalent bonds

Electron given up by one atom and accepted by another

Ionic bonds

Electrons shared by all atoms in the material

Metallic bonds

Electrons unequally shared between atoms causing positive and negative charged ends

Dipole

Weakest attraction

Gas

Stronger attraction than gas, weaker than solid

Liquid

Strongest attraction

Solid

Order, specific arrangement (3D cube)

Crystalline solids

Irregular patterns (dry ice, polymers)

Amorphous solids

aid in identifying material, some do not melt or boil but decompose

Melting/boiling point

measure of liquid’s tendency to evaporate (high vapor pressure evaporates faster at room temp.)

Vapor pressure

amount/mass in a given volume

Density

resistance of a solid to wear and abrasion, measured by severity of indentation

Hardness

Ability of material to absorb energy without fracture

Toughness

Pulling or stretching under tensile stress

Ductility

Ability to handle compressive force

Malleability

Ability of material to withstand damage due to pressure or wear

Durability

Ability to withstand friction, scraping, or rubbing

Abrasion resistance

non-permanent deformation and material recovers completely

Elasticity

material does not return to original shape

Elastic limit

permanent deformation

Plastic deformation

measures resistance of material to being deformed

Young's modulus

Lack of elasticity

Stiffness

Ionic bonds

Ceramics

Long chains of repeating covalent bonds

Polymers

Made of 2+ different materials

Composites

Not true solutions; mix of gases, liquids, solid

Colloids

2 liquids that do not blend

Emulsion

How can restorations be detected?

Tactile sense Light Drying Magnification Radiographs

What type of bond involves an atom giving up an electron?

Ionic bond

What classification of dental materials are used to prevent disease and trauma to teeth and oral structures?

Preventative

If a patient presents with gingival inflammation localized to an area where a PFM crown was recently placed, what is this called?

Biocompatibility

What type of load involves forces moving away from one another to pull apart?

Tensile force

What type of load involves compressive, tensile, and shearing forces that bend an object?

Flexure

What type of dental material can be described as two liquids that do not blend?

Emulsion

What is the term that describes fluids or microorganisms penetrating the interface?

Microleakage

What is the weakest atomic bond?

Hydrogen

A materials ability to maintain it's position without displacement under force is called?

Retention

During what time does hardening of material begin?

Working time

The resistance of a liquid to flow is called?

Viscosity

If a material is capable of handling compressive forces, it can be described as?

Malleable

What type of chemical reaction produces heat as part of the reaction?

Exothermic

During which time must the operator achieve a homogenous mixture?

Mixing time

What is the degree to which a liquid adhesive can spread over a surface?

Wetting