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quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the levels of maslow hierarchy?

A

1, physiological needs, safety and security, love nd belonging, self esteem from others, self actualization (feeling of self fulfillment)

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2
Q

definition of mental illness from sociocultural

A

maladaptive responses to stressors from internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts
- comes with incomprehensibility and cultural relativity

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3
Q

what happens to body during fight or flight?

A

alarm reaction stage: its initiated
stage of resistance: physiological responses occur
stage of exhaustion: prolonged exposer

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4
Q

Immediate response of fight or flight entails?

A

-adrenal medullas releases nore/epinephrine
-pupils dilate, cardiac increases, GI slows down

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5
Q

Sustained response entails?

A

-water retention occurs because of glucocorticoids and mineralcorticoids causing glujconeogeneis and from vasopressin
-Growth hormones causes increased glucose nd freefatty acids
-thyroid increases metabolic rate

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6
Q

what are the two psychological responses to stress?

A

anxiety and grief

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7
Q

what are the levels of anxiety and what do they consist of?

A

-mild: day to day, sharpens senses, increases motivation and heightened awareness of environment. ex; crying, cursing, eating ,fidgeting
-mild to moderate:increased muscular tension and restlessness perceptual field diminishes
-moderate: unresolved for an extended period.
-severe: headaches, insomnia, confusion, dread , horror, neurosis (psychiatric disturbance seen through use of defense mechanism)
-panic: loss of reality, delusions/hallucinatiosns , communication is ineffective; experience psychosis

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8
Q

people with psychosis experience?

A

-minimal distress, unaware behaviors are maladaptive, unaware of psychological problems (anosognoia)

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9
Q

who experiences psychosis?

A

people with schizophrenia

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10
Q

what is the diencephalon consisted of?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus

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11
Q

what is the mesencephalon

A

pons, medulla, cerebellum

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12
Q

what are the inhibitory NT?

A

GABA, serotonin?

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13
Q

which NT’s are monoamines?

A

norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, histamine

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14
Q

which nt’s are amino acids?

A

GABA, glucose and glutamate

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15
Q

Dopamine

A

-excitatory; responsible for emotional resp, cognition, release of prolactin
-affected by stress
-decreased: depression
-increased: schizophrenia, mania

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16
Q

Serotonin

A

-inhibitory, emotional regulations, sexual behavior SLEEP pain
-decreased: depression, anxiety
-increased: anxiety states

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17
Q

Norepinephrine

A
  • excitatory; learning, mood, memory, cardiovascular
    -decreased: depression, memory loss, social withdrawal
    -increased mania, anxiety, schizophrenia
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18
Q

Histamine

A

-from hypothalamus;regulates GABA, glutamate, and serotonin
-as well as gastric secretions,
-decreased: depression
-increased: sleep disorders, alzheimers, psychosis

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19
Q

what do antihistamine meds do?

A

they block histamine which will result in sedation adn weight gain

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20
Q

GABA

A

-inhibitory; promotes neuronal development, improves sleeplessness, minimizes depression
-decreased: huntingotns, anxiety, schizophrenia,epiliepsy

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21
Q

Glutamate

A

excitatory; interacts with dopamine, to regulate motor, affective, cognitive
-increased : psychosis
-decreased: schizophreniaA

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22
Q

acetylcholine

A

inhibitory &excitatory, regulate sleep wake cycle
-low levels: alzheimers

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23
Q

High levels of prolactin are associated with?

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A

depression, low libido, anxiety and schizophrenia

24
Q

T or F
GH will inhibit immune functioning while testorone will enhance it

Study These Flashcards
A

False; its the other way around; GH will enchance

25
Utilitarianism vs kantianism
-actions are right to the degree where they promote happiness and wrong if the reverse happiness -kantianism: the motivation of an action depends if its right or wrong
26
what is needed in building a therapeutic relationship?
-rapport, trust, genuineness, empathy, respect
27
what are the phases of therapeutic nursing?
-preinteraction: obtaining available information form report, examine ones owns feeling -orientation: creating comfortable environment,setting goals, develop plan -working phase -termination phase
28
transference vs counterference
-patient acts out feeling on nurse about someone else -nurse acts out feeling on the patient
29
What meds are used to treat anxiety?
benzos, buspirone
30
Benzos
-used to treat anxiety -examples lprzolam, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam,lorazepam -ADVERSE EFFECTS: cns depression, impired memeory, sedation, -antidote flumazenil -should not stop abruptly
31
what is paradoxical response?
side effects are the opposite of intended
32
buspirone
-treat anxiety; partial serotonin receptor agonist , doesnt affect GABA receptors
33
What meds are antidepressant?
-MAOIs,TCA's,SSRI's,SNRI's
34
MAOIs
-inhibits monoamine oxidase which increases serotonin/ dopamine function -phenelzine -adverse effects: weight gain, daytime sedation -refrain from eating tyrosine
35
TCAs
-affect reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine -amitriplyin -causes anticholinergic side effects; dry mouth, constipation, blurry vision, ortho hypotension -will take 2-4 weeks
36
SSRI
-inhibits serotonin inhibition -fluoxetine -nausea, agitation, sexual dysfunction -4-6 weeks
37
SNRI
-blocks reuptake serotonin and norepinephrine -venlafaxine -appetite suppression
38
what are antipsychotics?
first generation; conventional/typical second generation; unconventional/atypical
39
First gen
-dopamine antagonists -haloperidol, loxapire, chlorapromazire -treat severe schizophrenia
40
second gen
-block dopamine receptors and inhibit reuptake of serotonin -aripiprazole, cariprazine -high sugar/bp/cholesterol
41
What are common side effects of antipsychotics?
-anticholinergic symptoms -should increase fiber and fluid, and suck on hard candies -wear shades, can increase breast size and decrease libido
42
Mood stabilizers
examples are lithium, anticonvulsants (carbamazepine, valproic acid)
43
lithium
-controversal; regulates reuptake of monoamine NT -can't prevent relapse into manic spades -range 0.6-1.4 check liver, blood work, kidney -side effects: diarrhea, nausea, increase thirst, fine hand tremors -consume water
44
what is the kindling process?
seizure activity increases
45
sedative hyponitcs
-used to treat sleep wake insomnia -benzos, non benzos hypnotics (zolpidem), melatonic receptor agnostics, ramelon (melatonin agnostics) -side effects: headache fatigue, dizziness, nausea, amnesia -AVOID OTHER CNS DEPRESSANTS
46
Stimulants
-used to treat ADHD, narcolepsy -methylphenidate, amphetamine, dextroamphetamine -cuases presynaptic neuron to release serotonin, dop and more -side effects: nausea, dry mouth, heart palpitations, decreased appetite, growth suppression -can be enteric coated
47
what remedies are used to treat mental illness?
-st johns wort, ginseng, chamomile, echinacea
48
what with st john wort cause serotonin syndrome?
fluoxetine
49
serotonin syndrome
-influx of serotonin -can be caused by overdose, multiple antidepressants, or mixing with pain meds -symptoms: dilated pupils, high bp, muscle rigidity, sweating -treatment: sedation w/benzo, serotonin antagonist
50
Activation syndrome
-happens when you take antidepressants -irritability , anxiety, aggressive, suicide
51
Antidepressant discontinuation synd
-difficulty sleeping, anxiety, depression, flu like symptoms, ELECTRIC SHOCK SENSAITON IN HAND
52
what can happen if you stop MAOIs?
can cause psychosis
53
lithium toxicity? early vs advanced vs severe
early -more than 1.5 -causes: dehydration, loop diuretics -symptoms: poor coordination, confusion, coarse tremors, vomiting advanced -2.0-2.5 -seizures,stupor, diluted urine, blurred vision, tinnitus, jerking motor movements severe -more than 2.5, comatose
54
What can with the antipsychotic med, clozapine?
Agranulocytosis -contact if less than 3500 -flu like symptoms, sore throat , fatigue, fever, muscle aches
55
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
-muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, elevated creatine kinase - initial exposure or discontinuation of antipsychotic , HALOPERIDOL -monitor fluid, cooling measures, cardiac monitoring
56
extrapyrimdal symp
-effects of blocking dopamine; FGAs -acute dystonia: muscle rigidity in eye -akathisia:severe restlessness, suicide -pseudoparkinsonism: shuffling gait, drooling , tremors, pill rolling -tardive dyskinesia: PERMANENT involuntary movements of face, neck, tongue, upper/lower extremities
57
what is increased when someone is experiencing alcohol withdrawal?
increased glutamate

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