Quiz 1 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is the outermost layer of the Earth?
Crust
What is subduction?
One plate folds under another
What layer is responsible for Earth’s internal heat?
Mantle
What is a divergent boundary?
- Plates moving away from each other
- New crust forms
Who was John Tuzo Wilson?
A Canadian scientist
What are convection currents?
Currents in Earth’s mantle that move large land masses
What is the correct order of Earth’s eras from oldest to youngest?
Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic
In which era did dinosaurs live?
Mesozoic
In which era did humans appear?
Cenozoic
What era had the earliest life?
Precambrian
What is a transform boundary?
- Plates sliding past each other in opposite directions
- Causes frequent small earthquakes.
How is sedimentary rock formed?
Small sediments compacted together
How is metamorphic rock formed?
Extreme heat and pressure
What causes sediment to form sedimentary rock?
Weathering and erosion
How do igneous rocks form?
Forms when magma (lava) cools and makes crystals
Example: Basalt.
How do metamorphic rocks form?
Changes by forming or making bigger crystals due to heat and pressure.
Example: Marble.
How do sedimentary rocks form?
Forms when sediments become cemented together
Example: Sandstone.
What happens during oceanic-continental collision?
Oceanic plate subducts → trenches, volcanoes, earthquakes
What forms from continental-continental collisions?
Mountains
What era had the first single- and multi-celled organisms?
Precambrian Era.
Which major landforms formed during the Precambrian Era?
Precambrian Shields (e.g., Canadian Shield).
Which era saw the formation of the Appalachian Mountains?
Palaeozoic Era.
What life forms dominated the Palaeozoic Era?
Amphibians, fish, insects, and first plants.
What natural resource began forming in the Palaeozoic?
Coal (from swampy forests).
