Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Healthy Aging > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

(53 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is inhibition in the context of aging?

A

No filter (prefrontal cortex), control impulses, suppress irrelevant info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which theory deals with low constraint processing ? (Miss Smith considered the scare)

A

Inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In terms of syntax, older adults use context 2 help them…aka ?

A

Top-down processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What difficulties do older adults face in identifying words?

A

Low frequency words (e.g., wolf, abacus), high density neighborhoods—phonological connections (e.g., cat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is cognitive slowing?

A

Cognitive declines due to age, processing speed reduces, reduced attention, reduced working memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the neurobiological changes associated with aging?

A

Brain volume reduces, dopamine reduction, medial temporal lobe (MTL) changes, hippocampus effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does sustained attention compare between younger and older adults?

A

Not fully known; older adults do not show significant differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of memory shows good retention in older adults?

A

Procedural memory (LTM; implicit, non-declarative)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the effect of aging on auditory comprehension?

A

Cannot relisten but can reread; differences in delayed recall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What challenges do older adults face with word finding?

A

Not so good with proper names and infrequent words (e.g., abacus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the Boston Naming Test (BNT) reveal about older adults?

A

2% decline in naming ability for each decade of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What changes are noted in discourse abilities of older adults?

A

State main point well, more effective descriptions, but may be verbose and off-topic, more interesting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is presbyoptia?

A

Age decline in seeing close up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does vocabulary recall change with age?

A

Older adults can recall more, have higher verbal skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What writing skills do older adults retain?

A

Adequate cognitive-linguistic skills; can write autobiographical info, single words, and grocery lists, pictured items, checks, spontaneous sents, simple shapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are common motor changes in older adults affecting writing?

A

Micrographia (PD, ALS, MS) -> non straight/smooth lines & small writing

reduction in grip strength, slower typing and writing, larger digital font/icons, extended time 4 planning & exec of movements

spelling accuracy -> decline (high freq wrds)

no diff in generative drawing/copying btwn olds & yungz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What influences writing and reading in older adults?

A

Working memory and attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

True or False: Older adults have a decline in procedural memory.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

comp strategies enable?

A

Relatively good writing and reading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What theory deals with TOT phenomena, proper name deficit, & general weakening of semantic & phono connections

A

Transmission/language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What theory accounts for cognitive slowing, impaired WM, Aud Proc decline, & impaired LTM/EM/STM/ProcM?

A

Transmission/Lang

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the neurobio changes in the elder brain via the transmission theory

Study These Flashcards
A

brain vol & dopamine reduction, Medial temporal lobe (MTL), hippocampus—learning, associative memory, emotional regulation, enlargement of ventricles

23
Q

What are the 4 attentions ?

Study These Flashcards
A

Sustained: not fully know difference betwn younger and older adults

Divided: difficulty w complex tasks

Selective: small decline

Focused: stays relatively intact w target obvious

24
Q

Describe how memory changes

Study These Flashcards
A

Procedural (LTM; implicit, non-declarative)—GOOD

WM: sig decline as person ages

EM/SM (LTM—declarative, explicit): changes w EM; slight decline SM (hard 2 diff betwn the 2 bc of overlap)

Prospective memory (future events)—job/graduation—GOOD (strategies. Notes)

Remote memory: childhood—GOOD (memories activating)

25
Describe executive functioning changes
Planning, prioritizing, organizing, reasoning, problem solving Poorer performance on EF tasks Reasoning/problem-solving: GOOD bc -> life experience. Fewer solutions than younger adults but solutions are more flexible, complex, higher quality
26
What are the strengths in older peeps?
Procedural memory Prospective memory (future) Remote (childhood) Focused as long as target is obvious Problem solving and reasoning Reading and writing
27
what are weaknesses in older peeps ? uncertain?
EM/SM EFs are relatively poor Divided attention especially when complex TOTs Processing speech reduced Working memory Sustained atten -> uncertain
28
older 60+ persons do well with?
semantic, phonemic, & visual prompts
29
For repetition, adults...?
do well with short sentences difficulty w increased length, complexity, grammatical/syntactical structures becoming more complex
30
Describe right branching
working memory ---doesn’t require as much sustained attention
31
Describe overall speech patterns of oldies
Filler words, non-lexical fillers, repeated words Irrelevant speech Larger vocabularies Conversational skills are relatively preserved Working memory and attention and processing efficiency
32
Describe reading patterns of oldies
slower in general Word level comprehension—did not change with age Sentence level: ambiguous/inconclusive findings Morphology: word knowledge – do well w context & reading vocab Phonology: variability/inconsistencies (time constraints) Reading mastery: word identification/attack: do well due to relatively larger vocabularies (word knowledge) is better than phonological (sound info)
33
Oldies should be able too? *reading*
Match words and sentences to pictures Answer wh questions after reading a single story or short story (immediately after due to comp task)---delayed then more of a cog/memory task Personal info on questionnaires (medical info)/answer Qs for functional materials Sentence completions
34
Cognitive-linguistic skills are adequate in oldies - T or F ?
True
35
Minimal conscious control is controlled by?
Implicit Mem/PM
36
What are some significant changes in voice as we age?
Diminished volume, breathiness, relatively high pitch, diminished flexibility, tremors ## Footnote Changes include decreased phonation range, increased jitter and shimmer, and reduced phonatory stability.
37
What respiratory changes occur with aging?
Decreased elastic recoil, decreased compliance of chest wall, reduced strength of respiratory muscles ## Footnote Changes can be pronounced in women compared to men.
38
What laryngeal factors change with aging?
Ossification of larynx, muscular decline, postmenopausal changes ## Footnote Ossification and tissue degeneration are more pronounced in males.
39
What are the vibratory characteristics of older females compared to younger females?
Older females have incomplete glottal closure (90%), aperiodicity (85%), amplitude changes (50-55%), mucosal wave changes (50%), and asymmetry (15%)
40
True or False: Older males have a lower fundamental frequency (F0) compared to middle-aged and young speakers.
False ## Footnote Older males have the highest F0 compared to younger and middle-aged speakers.
41
What is presbyphagia?
Dysphagia for some older adults, but not all ## Footnote It is characterized as a symptom of underlying pathologies.
42
What are the three distinct phases of normal swallowing?
* Oral phase * Pharyngeal phase * Esophageal phase ## Footnote Pharyngeal phase includes six critical components for swallowing.
43
What warrants an SLP referal ?
Breathiness * Presbylarynges and Presbyphonia * VF bowing * Vibratory Factors * Incomplete glottal closure * Aperiodicity * Amplitude changes * Mucosal wave changes * ”Creaky” or Rough Voice * Social avoidance due to voice changes
44
What biological factors contribute to age-related swallow decline?
* Decreased nerve conduction velocities * Atrophy and fibrosis of muscles * Increased fat content in the tongue * Reduced motor unit firing rate * Ossification of laryngeal cartilage ## Footnote These changes affect swallowing efficiency.
45
What factors affect swallowing in older adults?
* Oral health status - teeth loss, hygiene * Chronic dry mouth - xerostomia * Dentition - laryngeal penetrition * Taste * Cognition
46
What are some strategies for improving swallowing in older adults?
* Head turn * Chin tuck * Supraglottic swallow * Oral-motor exercises
47
Fill in the blank: Dysphagia is not a disease but rather a _______.
[symptom of one or more underlying pathologies]
48
What are common consequences of dehydration in older adults? ## Footnote clinical state of swallowing
* Constipation * Falls * Medication toxicity * UTIs * Respiratory infections ## Footnote Dehydration can significantly impact health and well-being.
49
Strategies for Voice & Motor-speech aging
Voice therapy * VF function exercises and/or resonant voice therapy * Good health – more likely to avoid age-related changes in voice * Not smoking * Avoiding increased muscular activity such as pushing/pulling * Hyperfunctional behavior
50
Instrumentation & Evaluation charatceristics ?
- methodology - microphone - perceptual ratings - scales - videostroboscopy - acoustic - csl, praat - physiological - phon aerodynam syst - velopharyngeal - nasom
51
Describe pharyngeal phase
elevation and retraction of soft palate for closure of VP * superior and anterior movement of hyoid bone and larynx * laryngeal closure and cessation of breathing * opening of cricopharyngeal sphincter * ramping of tongue base * contraction from top to bottom of pharyngeal constrictors
52
Biology of age-related swallowing decline?
Nervous system * Decreased nerve conduction velocities and reduced neurotransmitter levels (Weismer & Liss, 1991) * Muscular Atrophy and fibrosis Reduced ROM, speed, and accuracy * Fat content In tongue increases by 2.7% each decade * Laryngeal Reduced motor unit firing rate Atrophy and loss of laryngeal muscle fibers Ossification of laryngeal cartilage Irregularities of laryngeal cartilage Reduced sensation in pharynx and larynx
53

Healthy Aging (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions