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Gross Anatomy > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the location of the Sacral Promontory

A

The ridge of the body of what would have been the first sacral vertebrae.

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2
Q

What were two milestones that created the secondary curvatures?

A

Lifting head and developing neck support created the cervical curvature. Starting to stand and straighten trunk created the lumbar curvature.

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2
Q

Describe the Apex of the Sacrum?

A

The pointy end of the sacrum near to the coccyx

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3
Q

How many Lumbar Nerves are there?

A

5

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3
Q

Describe the Lateral Sacral Crest

A

The smaller less prominent “spines” of the sacrum found on either side lateral to the median sacral crest.

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4
Q

Where are the cell bodies found for sensory neurons?

A

Dorsal Root Ganglia

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5
Q

What reflexes are contained only in the spinal cord and do not involve the brain?

A

Simple Spinal Reflexes

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6
Q

How many cervical nerves are there?

A

8 One above the atlas

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6
Q

What is the second layer of the spinal cord?

A

Arachnoid Mater

  • Looks like cobwebs
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7
Q

What is the area between the duramater and the Arachnoid Mater?

A

Potential Subseral Space

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8
Q

What are the 5 movements of the vertebral column?

A

-Flexion: bending forward - Hyper-flexion: Bending completely forward to touch toes - Extension: Returning upward from bent position - Lateral Flexion: Side bends - Rotation

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9
Q

What is this vertebrae?

A

Thoracic Vertebrae

  • Long Spinous Process
  • Costal Facets on side for Rib articulation
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9
Q

What muscle lifts the ribs during inhalation?

A
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10
Q

What is the deepest layer of spinal cord tissue?

A

Pia Mater

  • Hold in tiny blood vessels that feed the brain and the cord.
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10
Q

What is this area of the Spinal Cord?

A

Ventral Horn

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11
Q

What muscle originates from:

  • External surface of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribes at the connection between cartilage and rib.
A

Pectoralis Minor

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12
Q

What is this area called of the spinal cord?

A

Dorsal Horn

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13
Q

What is the importance of CSF?

A
  • CSF takes away metabolic waste from the neurons
  • CSF gives a secondary source of nutrients to cord and brain.
  • Around your brain and cord.
  • Wet environment promotes diffusion.
  • Great shock absorber.
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13
Q

What is this area of the Spinal Cord?

A

Dorsal Root Ganglia

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14
Q

What are the primary curvatures of the body?

A

Thoracic Curvature Sacral Curvature

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16
Q

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar spine?

A

5 Lumbar vertebrae

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16
Q

Where in the spinal cord is the first place that sensory and motor neurons meet?

A

Trunk of the Spinal Cord

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17
Q

Describe the Sacral Canal

A

The large opening in the top of the sacrum

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17
Q

What is this area of the Spinal Cord?

A
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18
What muscle is responsible for shoulder elevation?
18
What muscle inserts in the lateral lip of the interbucular groove of the humerus?
19
What is found within the arachnoid layer?
Subarachnoid Layer - Spaces between arachnoid layer that contains cerebral spinal fluid. CSF.
19
What are the 3 Cords?
Lateral Cord Medial Cord Posterior Cord
20
What muscle originates from: - External aspect of the spine - Acromion-Clavicular Joint - Anterior 2/3 of the clavicle
Deltoid
21
How can you tell difference betwen Dorsal Root and Ventral Root?
Dorsal Root is much thicker because it contains the bodies of the sensory nuclei.
22
What is this area of the Spinal Cord?
Ventral Root
23
Trace the impulse in a simple spinal reflex
- Impulse Goes through Ventral Rami which is the route toward the cord. Contain sensory dendrites. - Travels to specific area of cord for that part of body, enters Trunk of Spinal Cord. - Sensory moves to Dorsal Root Ganglia - Synapses to Dorsal Horn through Dorsal Rootlets. - Then stimulates ventral horn where there are motor nuclei bodies. - Goes to Ventral Root. - Back to Trunk of Spinal Nerve
25
How many Thoracic nerves are there?
12
26
Describe the Median Sacral Crest
The "spine" of the sacrum found centrally located on the posterior side.
26
What muscle originates from the spinous processes of the mid-thoracic vertebrae to the medial sacral crest
28
What is the structure called when all the vertebral foramen are lined up together?
Vertebral Canal
29
Which muscle inserts in the posterior surface of the medial border of the scapula.
30
Where is the last nerve located?
Below the sacrum called the Coccygeal Nerve
30
What is this area of the Spinal Cord?
Dorsal Rootlets
31
What is this vertebrae?
_Cervical Vertebrae_ - Bifud Spinous Process - Transverse Foramin
32
What is the Ligamentum Flavum?
The ligament that helps bind one vetebrae to another. Found inside the vertebral canal.
34
How many vertebrae are in the cervical spine?
7 Cervical Vertebrae
35
What is this Vertebrae?
_Lumbar Vertebrae_ - Large Body - Near straight spinous process
36
What muscle originates from the outer surface of the first 8 ribs.
Serratus Anterior
37
What muscle originates from: - Medial half of the clavicle - Sternum
38
What muscle is responsibe for horizontal adduction
40
Describe the first layer of the spinal cord
Dura Mater - Toughest Layer - Completely covers cord and has extensions that cover trunks of spinal nerves.
41
What is the structure called when all the vertebral notches from adjacent vertebrae line up together?
Intervertebral Foramina
42
Describe Posterior ligaments of the vertebrae
Found inside the vertebral canal. Prevent Hyper Flexion
43
How many spinal nerves are there?
31
44
How can you tell the difference betwee Dorsal Horns and Ventral Horns?
Ventral horns are bigger because they contain the bodies of the motor neurons!
45
How many vertebrae are in the thoracic spine?
12 Thoracic Vertebrae
46
What muscle originates from the spinous processes of all the cervical and thoracic vertebrea
Trapezius
47
What is this area of the spinal cord?
Trunk of Spinal Nerves
49
Which muscle originates from the spinous processes of T2-T5
Rhomboid
51
Describe the Sacral Hiatus
The hole found while looking at the posterior area of the sacrum. V-Shaped hole. Area best for administering spinal taps and epiderals.
52
What happens during a hernia of the intervertebral disc?
the nucelus pulposus ruptures, breaking through the anulus fibrosis.
53
Which muscle inserts in the Anterior Surface of the medial border of the scapula.
54
What is the importance of the vertebral column?
Protection: it encloses the spinal cord, shielding it from damage Support: it carries the weight of the body above the pelvis Flexibility and Posture: There is no pressure abnormally on the body when you are in perfect posture. Movement: it has roles in both posture and movement
55
What are the two regions of the intervertebral disc?
Anulus Fibrosis - Concentric Layers of Cartilage - The annulus fibrosis is tough and collagenous, surrounding the nucleus pulposus. Nucleus Pulpous - Fibrous pulpy material - The nucleus pulposus is jelly like, and is located posteriorly.
56
Which muscle originates from C7 - T1
57
What muscle originates from the Transverse Processed of C1-C4
58
Describe the anterior ligaments of the vertebrae
Connects the vertebrae and discs of the vertebrae. Prevents hyperextension - Extremely important in cervical vertebrae (whiplash)
59
Describe the Anterior Sacral Foramen
The foramen found on the anterior part of the sacrum where the nerves pass through.
60
Describe the vertebral arch
Forms the posterior and lateral margins of the vertebral foramen.
61
What nerves do the brachial plexus consist of?
C5 , C6, C7, C8, T1
62
What are the two divisions?
Posterior and Anterior Divisions
63
What muscle inserts in the Floor of the intertubucuar groove.
Latissimus Dorsi
65
What seperates vertebrae's from each other and provides cusion?
Intervertebral Discs
66
What muscle inserts in the coracoid process?
67
What are the secondary curvatures?
Cervical Curvature Lumbar Curvature
68
What is the ligament of the Pia Mater?
Denticulate Ligament - Tooth like ligament that pierces through the duramater and attaches to wall of vertebral canal to keep cord from moving medial to lateral.
70
How many bones fused together to create the sacrum?
5 Fused Sacral vertebrae
72
What muscle inserts on a tuberosity of the humerus with the same now.
73
What muscle inserts in the superior angle of the scapula.
74
Which muscle inserts in the posterior surface of the medial border of the scapula at the root of the spine.
Rhomboid Minor
75
How many sacral nerves?
5
76
Describe the vertebral Body
It is the weight baring component of the vertebrae. It increases in size as the vertebrae descend down column. Anterior part of vertebrae
77
Describe the articular processes
Extend superiorly and inferiorly to articulate with adjacent vertebrae.
78
What are the three Trunks of the Brachial Plexus?
Superior Trunk: C5 - C6 Middle Trunk: C7 Inferior Trunk: C8 - T1

Gross Anatomy (5 decks)

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