quiz 1 Flashcards
(24 cards)
which 1 of the following is most toxic
- aspirin
- morphine
- nicotine
- caffeine
nicotine
it has a lethal dose of 1mg/kg
most common toxin exposure in companion animals
- parasite control
- accidental exposure
- household products
- drugs (humans n vet)
- human food material.
main toxins for farm animals
- feed contamination
- plant toxins
- mycotoxins
- bacterial toxins
- env. pullutants
- water contamination
- inhalation of gases and vapors
factos that determine toxic effect
- dose and route of exposure
- toxic effects may differ between spp(gender, age)
- toxic effects differ with acute or chronic exposure
- intoxication =conc*duration of exposure
discuss the toxic mechanism of onions and garlic
- N-propyl sulfoxides-glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor
- leading to glutathion depletion in rbc- causing hemolytic anemia n heinz body formation
cs of anion and garlic toxicity in carnivors
- gastroenteritis
- abdominal pain
- loss of appetite
- depression
- hemolysis
- methemoglobinemia
- brown discoloration of urine
this over the counter sleep pill cause depression on the cns
diphenhydramine
characteristics of type A adverse drug effects (ADRS)
- RELATED TO KNOWN PHARMACOLOGY
- COMMON
- DOSE RELATED
- PREDICTABLE
EXAMPLES OF TYPE A ADRs (AUGMENTED ADRs)
- haemorrhage with anticoagulants
- respiratory depression with opioids
sedation with anxiolytics
EXAMPLES OF TYPE B ADRs
- anaphylaxis with penicillins
- allergic liver damage with
halothane
- bone marrow depression with
chloramphenicol
N.B THEY VARY FROM INDIVIDUAL TO INDIVIDUAL AND THEY ARE NT PREDICTABLE
CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPE B( BIZAIRE ADRs)
- unrelated to know pharmacology
- rare
- unpredictable
- often idiosyncratic
WHICH DRUG LEADS TO NEPHROTOXICITY AND OTOTOXICITY
GENTAMICIN
WHICH DRUG CAUSE CARTILAGE DAMAGE IN GROWING ANIMALS
ENROFLAXACIN
MANIFESTATIONS OF HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION
- Most chemicals and their metabolic products are toO small to be recognised by the immune system
- combination of hapten with an endogenous
protein (antigen)
Manifestations:
- involvement of many organ systems
- range from minor skin reactions to fatal
anaphylactic reactions
- different in different animal species
DRUGS ASSOCIATED WITH CUTANEOUS HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
- PENICILINS
- TRIMETHROPRIM
DRUGS ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATIC HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
- DICLOFENAC
- STREPTOMYCIN
- HALOTHANE
DRUGS ASSOCIATED WITH HEMATOLOGICAL HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
- CAPTOPRIL
- PENICILIN
- GENTAMICIN
DRUGS ASSOCIATED WITH SYSTEMIC ANAPHYLACTIC HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
- PENICILINS
- TRIMETHROPRIM
DISCUSS IDIOSYNCRATIC REACTIONS
Genetically determined abnormal reactivity to a chemical
response is qualitatively similar, but may take the
form of….
- extreme sensitivity to low doses (MOST COMMON) or
- extreme insensitivity to high doses
Typically occur in the first 1-2 months of drug therapy
Example: carprofen in dogs: idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity
DISCUSS TOXICITY,MECHANISM AS WELL AS MONITORING OF MITOTANE DRUG
TOXICITY= HEPATOPATHY,BM NECROSIS,
SEEN AFTER 1 MNTH
LESIONS ARE RARE
DISCUSS TOXICITY,MECHANISM AS WELL AS MONITORING OF SULFONAMIDES DRUG
HEPATOPATHY, BLOOD DYSCRASIA, SKIN ERUPTIONS
MECHANISM:OXIDISED HYDROXYL AMINE METABOLITES
DISCONTINUE SULFONAMIDES
DISCUSS TOXICITY,MECHANISM AS WELL AS MONITORING OF METHIMAZOLE DRUG
- HEPATOPATHY
- BLOOD DYSCASIA.
- SKIN ERUPTIONS
- IT FORMS n-METHYL METABOLITE-Abs
- consel owners, discontinue drug therapy
list examples of delayed cs of toxicity
- Asbestos toxicosis
- Diethylstilbestrol toxicosis–jumps to next generation
- Organophosphate induced delayed
- polyneuropathy
