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Quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 most common actin bundling proteins?

A

FAV

  1. Fimbrin
  2. a-actinin
  3. Villin
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2
Q

What is the function of gelsolin?

A

Breaks actin in middle

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3
Q

(+) end of actin is usually actin-ATP or actin-ADP?

A

Actin-ATP

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4
Q

(-) end of actin is usually Actin-ATP or Actin-ADP?

A

Actin-ADP

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5
Q

(+) microTUBULEs are associated with ATP, ADP, GTP or GDP?

Are they stable more stable or less stable than (-) microtubules?

A

GTP. Less stable bc (-) end is capped

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6
Q

Name 3 types of drugs that disrupt microtubule assembly/dissembly

A
  1. Vinblastine
  2. Taxol
  3. Colchicine
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7
Q

Name two drugs that disrupt ACTIN polymerization/depolymerization

A
  1. Cytochalasin B & D- prevent polylmerization (Think ABCD)
  2. Phalloidin- prevents depolymerization
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8
Q

What is the most common branching protein?

A

Formin

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9
Q

What does colchicine do?

A

Prevents microtubule polymerization

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10
Q

Where is keratin found?

A

IF found in epithelial cells

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11
Q

What is GFAP and where is it found?

A

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein. IF found in glial cells.

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12
Q

Where is vimentin found?

A

IF found in Connective Tissue and mesoderm

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13
Q

Where are lamins found?

A

IF found in nucleus

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14
Q

Clathrin independent endocytosis depends on what structures/proteins?

A

Calveoli (structure) /calveolin (protien)

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15
Q

Actin polymerization requires what 3 molecules?

A
  1. ATP
  2. Mg++
  3. K+
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16
Q

What protein will pinch off membrane during endocytosis?

A

Dynamin (GTPase)

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17
Q

Which proteins/structures are involved in vesicle formation for receptor mediated endocytosis?

A

AP-2 and Clathrin

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18
Q

Which proteins are involved in vesicle targeting from the plasma membrane?

A

Rab5, SNARE, tethering protein

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19
Q

What is another name for a late endosome? What are three important characteristics that differentiate it from an early endosome?

A

Multivesicular Body

  • low pH (5.5-6)
  • lots of budding
  • contains acid hydrolases
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20
Q

Where is desmin found?

A

IF found in skeletal muscle cells

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21
Q

Different IFs differentiate in which region?

A

End regions (middle is relatively conserved)

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22
Q

What tag is added for targeting endosomes? Where does this occur?

A

Mannose 6 Phosphate- Golgi

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23
Q

Pseudopodia mostly change which cytoskeletal protein?

A

Actin

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24
Q

What is opsonization?

A

Surrounding a foreign substance with antibody

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25
Which two cell types are professional phagocytosers?
Macs and neutrophils
26
What is lipofuscin?
Cell trash. Building up in neurons is BAD
27
Heterochromatin is often anchored to what?
Laminin on edge of nuclear envelope.
28
The presence of lots of (euchromatin/heterochromatin) indicates an active cell
euchromatin
29
``` Put in order of organization: Solenoid Nucleosome Double Helix Chromosome Histone ```
Double Helix, histone, nucleosome, solenoid, chromosome
30
What kind of protein helps solenoids become more condensed?
Condensin
31
Which proteins are involved in protein import to nucleus?
Ran-GTP, Ran-GDP, importin
32
Is the nucleus basophilic or eosinophilic?
Basophilic- Basophilic=Blue= loves bases (therefore acidic)
33
~How many chromosomes contribute to synthesis of rRNA?
10 (5 different pairs)
34
Where is the fibrillar center located? What is its funciton?
Part of nucleolus where rRNA is NOT being transcribed.
35
What is the dense fibrillar zone? Where is it located?
Part of nucleolus where rRNA is actively being transcribed from rDNA.
36
What is the granular zone? Where is it located?
Part of nucleolus where rRNA and protein assemble into ribosomal subunits.
37
Mitochondria are associated with which part of the cytoskeleton?
Microtubles (they are constantly being shuttled around the cell.
38
True or False: The proteasome is membrane bound.
False. It is a protein.
39
Hydrolysis of ATP results in actin polymerization or actin depolymerization?
Depolymerization
40
How do mitochondria replicate?
Fission- with unequal distribution of mtDNA
41
In which organelle does drug detoxification occur?
Smooth ER
42
Tay-Sachs is what type of disease? What is it deficient in?
Lysosomal disorder. Unable to synthesize hexosamidase therefore glycolipids accumulate in lysosome.
43
Peroxisomes remove/create H2O2
Both. Catalase (in lumen of peroxisome) causes the breakdown of H2O2.
44
How does Rb act when active?
Prevents DNA proliferation/cell cycle advancement
45
Name 4 drugs that block translation
1. Erythromycin 2. Tetracyclin 3. Chloramphenicol 4. Spectinomycin
46
Peroxisomes aid in the breakdown of which molecules?
Long chain fatty acids, ethanol
47
Which protein is involved in keeping sister chromatids together?
Cohesin
48
Which protein is involved in the coiling of DNA into chromosomes?
Condensin
49
What does p53 detect? How does p53 act when active?
Detects DNA damage and prevents cell cycle advancement until damage is fixed.
50
What protein is active in the execution of apotosis?
Caspase
51
Where might you see stratified columnar cells?
Anal transition zone
52
True or False: Cyclin is always present in the cytoplasm
False- it only appears when necessary and helps to activate CDK
53
Microvilli attach to which protein?
Villin
54
The terminal web is seen as basophilic or eosinophilic under a light microscope?
Eosinophilic (it is made of protein)
55
What cell type has a "halo"
Plasma cell- halo comes from golgi
56
How are cilia anchored (to what are they anchored)?
Basal bodies (have 9 triplet arrangement)
57
What is a primary cilia?
Immotile (9+0) - used for sensory (sight and smell)
58
What are stereocilia?
IMMOBILE- long microvilli. Found in inner ear and epididymis
59
What is the difference between a proteoglycan and a glycoprotein?
Proteoglycan is multiple GAGs attached to a core protein (brillow pad) Glycoprotein is branched sugars attached to one point on a protein.
60
True or false: Epithelial cells are avascular
True
61
What are the extracellular and intracellular components of macula adherens?
Extracellular- cadherin | Intracellular- Intermediate filaments
62
What do serous cells secrete?
Protein?
63
What are the extracellular and intracellular components of zonula adherens?
Extracellular- Cadherin | Intracellular- actin/terminal web
64
What is the channel in a gap junction called?
Connexon
65
T/F: Basement membrane contains fibroblasts
False- Contains fibronectin, but fibroblasts are in the CT
66
Where can you find simple cuboidal cells?
Kidney tubules
67
What proteins can be found in basement membrane?
Laminin, fibronectin, Type IV collagen, glycoproteins
68
Where can you find pseudostratified columnar cells?
Upper respiratory tract and vagina
69
T/F: Keratinized Stratified Squamous is permeable to water
False- it is impermeable
70
What is more active: fibroblast or fibrocyte?
Fibroblast
71
Name the two types of resident connective tissue
Adipocytes and Fibroblasts
71
Where can Type I Collagen be found?
Ligaments, tendons, bone, dermis, ECM
73
Where can you find simple columnar cells?
Respiratory tract (ciliated) and Sm. Int.- (microvilli)
74
Where can type II collagen be found?
Elastic fibers, cartilage, hyaline cartilage
75
Where can Type III Collagen be found?
Reticular fibers and organ stroma
76
Where can type IV collagen be found?
Basement membrane (not fibrous)
77
Which protein(s) is/are present in a tight junction?
Occluden and Claudin

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