Quiz 1 Flashcards

Question

Nonverbal questions

Answer 1

gestures, mannerisms, and postures by which a person communicates with others; sometimes called body language.

Answer 2

a posture or body position that is relaxed and suggests confidence, ease, warmth, and attentiveness.

Answer 3

questions that permit unguided, spontaneous answers.

Answer 4

the pain, discomfort, or dysfunction that caused the patient to request help.

Answer 5

the list of possible causes for the patient’s symptoms.

Answer 6

a medication that stimulates the kidneys to excrete water.

Answer 7

difficult or painful menstruation.

Answer 8

the sensation of having difficulty breathing.

Answer 9

head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat.

Answer 10

vomiting of blood.

Answer 11

blood in the urine.

Answer 12

coughing up of blood.

Answer 13

intermittent calf pain while walking that subsides with rest.

Answer 14

excessive urination at night.

Answer 15

difficulty breathing while lying supine.

Answer 16

sudden onset of shortness of breath at night.

Answer 17

excessive urination.

Answer 18

the underlying cause for the patient’s symptoms.

Answer 19

pain that is felt in a location away from its source.

Answer 20

pain that is elicited through palpation.

Answer 21

the sensation of ringing in the ears.

Answer 22

resistance in the blood vessels that the heart must overcome to eject blood.

Answer 23

defective language caused by neurologic damage to the brain.

Answer 24

bulges in the flanks and across the abdomen, indicating edema caused by congestive heart failure.

Answer 25

listening with a stethoscope for sounds produced by the body.

Answer 26

big toe dorsiflexes and the other toes fan out when the sole is stimulated.

Answer 27

force of blood against arteries’ walls as the heart contracts and relaxes.

Answer 28

loud, prolonged, gurgling bowel sounds indicating hyperperistalsis.

Answer 29

pulse rate lower than 60.

Answer 30

abnormal clarity of the patient’s transmitted voice sounds.

Answer 31

a measuring tape for infants that provides important information regarding airway equipment and medication doses based on the patient’s length.

Answer 32

sound of turbulent blood flow around a partial obstruction.

Answer 33

the amount of blood the heart ejects each minute, measured in milliliters.

Answer 34

light crackling, popping, nonmusical sounds heard usually during inspiration; also called rales.

Answer 35

crunching sounds of unlubricated parts in joints rubbing against each other.

Answer 36

discoloration around the umbilicus (occasionally the flanks) suggestive of intraabdominal hemorrhage.

Answer 37

phase of cardiac cycle when ventricles relax.

Answer 38

force of blood against arteries when ventricles relax.

Answer 39

defective speech caused by motor deficits.

Answer 40

voice changes caused by vocal cord problems.

Answer 41

presence of an abnormal amount of fluid in the tissues.

Answer 42

abnormal change in tone of the patient’s transmitted voice sounds.

Answer 43

discoloration over the flanks suggesting intraabdominal bleeding.

Answer 44

blood pressure higher than normal.

Answer 45

increase in the body’s core temperature.

Answer 46

blood pressure lower than normal.

Answer 47

decrease in the body’s core temperature.

Answer 48

the process of informed observation.

Answer 49

sounds of blood hitting arterial walls.

Answer 50

handheld device used to examine the interior of the eye.

Answer 51

handheld device used to examine the interior of the ears and nose.

Answer 52

using one’s sense of touch to gather information.

Answer 53

the production of sound waves by striking one object against another.

Answer 54

passage of blood through an organ or tissue.

Answer 55

the squeaking or grating sound of the pleural linings rubbing together.

Answer 56

amount of blood returned to the heart from the body; also known as end-diastolic pressure.

Answer 57

a painful and prolonged erection of the penis.

Answer 58

difference between systolic and diastolic pressures.

Answer 59

strength of the pulse, which can be weak, thready, strong, or bounding.

Answer 60

number of pulses felt in 1 minute.

Answer 61

pattern and equality of intervals between beats.

Answer 62

depth and pattern of breathing.

Answer 63

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and at the cellular level.

Answer 64

how hard the patient works to breathe.

Answer 65

number of times the patient breathes in 1 minute.

Answer 66

continuous sounds with a lower pitch and a snoring quality.

Answer 67

blood pressure measuring device comprising a bulb, a cuff, and a manometer.

Answer 68

tool used to auscultate most sounds.

Answer 69

predominantly inspiratory wheeze associated with laryngeal obstruction.

Answer 70

the amount of blood the heart ejects in one beat.

Answer 71

phase of cardiac cycle when ventricles contract.

Answer 72

force of blood against arteries when ventricles contract.

Answer 73

pulse rate higher than 100.

Answer 74

rapid breathing.

Answer 75

vibration or humming felt when palpating the pulse.

Answer 76

amount of air one breath moves in and out of the lungs.

Answer 77

wall chart or handheld card with lines of letters, used to test vision.

Answer 78

weight and height.

Answer 79

continuous, high-pitched musical sounds similar to a whistle.

Answer 80

abnormal clarity of the patient’s transmitted whispers.

Answer 81

Belly or abdominal wall

Answer 82

Extreme ends of parts

Answer 83

Soft fat of animals

Answer 84

Other, different

Answer 85

Bend or hollow

Answer 86

Blood vessel

Answer 87

Large artery exiting from left ventricle

Answer 88

Unconsciousness due to suffocation

Answer 89

Short drawn breath, panting

Answer 90

One of the major divisions of the trachea

Answer 91

Pouch or sac

Answer 92

Hard, thick skin

Answer 93

Malignant tumor

Answer 94

Great arteries of the neck

Answer 95

Hollow or cavity, specifically the abdomen

Answer 96

Center, centimeter, centigrade

Answer 97

Puncture of a cavity

Answer 98

Hairlike process

Answer 99

Collarbone (clavicle)

Answer 100

Part of the inner ear

Answer 101

Gelatin, neck

Answer 102

Shake violently

Answer 103

Bladder, cyst

Answer 104

To lead or guide

Answer 105

Intestines

Answer 106

To break into pieces

Answer 107

Tumor under the skin, junction of the nerve cells

Answer 108

Gnawing sore

Answer 109

Stomach, belly

Answer 110

Become, produce

Answer 111

Carry, produce

Answer 112

Plexus of capillaries

Answer 113

Something written

Answer 114

Other, different

Answer 115

Personal, one's own

Answer 116

Front of body, between hips and groin

Answer 117

Band of fibrous tissue connecting two bones

Answer 118

External opening

Answer 119

Membrane covering brain and spinal cord

Answer 120

Marrow or spinal cord

Answer 121

Organ supplying nutrients to the fetus during gestation

Answer 122

Membrane surrounding lung and lining the thoracic cavity

Answer 123

Falling down

Answer 124

Pelvis (including pelvis of kidney)

Answer 125

Inner nerve-containing layer of the eye

Answer 126

Hard fat of animals

Answer 127

Containing growing bacteria

Answer 128

Fluid formed when blood clots

Answer 129

Cavity or hollow

Answer 130

Muscle that closes when it contracts

Answer 131

Opening or mouth

Answer 132

Groove on surface of brain

Answer 133

Bones of the forefoot

Answer 134

Time, or temple of the head

Answer 135

Fibrous tissue connecting muscle to bone

Answer 136

Female genital canal

Answer 137

Dilated vein

Answer 138

Bone supporting the spinal column

Answer 139

Top of the skull

Answer 140

Internal organs

Answer 141

flexible, clear plastic tubing that connects the solution bag to the IV cannula.

Answer 142

air in the vein.

Answer 143

breakable glass vessel containing liquid medication.

Answer 144

medication that inhibits blood clotting.

Answer 145

four blood groups formed by the presence or absence of two antigens known as A and B. A person may have either (type A or type B), both (type AB), or neither (type O). An immune response will be activated whenever a person receives blood containing A or B antigen if this antigen is not already present in his own blood.

Answer 146

any chemical reaction that results in the transfer of protons.

Answer 147

protection from infection or disease that is (1) developed by the body after exposure to an antigen (active acquired immunity) or (2) transferred to the person from an outside source such as from the mother through the placenta or as a serum (passive acquired immunity).

Answer 148

of sudden onset, as an acute disease.

Answer 149

fat cells.

Answer 150

a life-threatening allergic reaction; also called anaphylactic shock.

Answer 151

a group of signs, symptoms, and disorders that often develop as a consequence of HIV infection. (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)

Answer 152

a protein commonly present in plant and animal tissues. In the blood, albumin works to maintain blood volume and blood pressure and provides colloid osmotic pressure, which prevents plasma loss from the capillaries.

Answer 153

exaggerated immune response to an environmental antigen.

Answer 154

a highly branched polymer of glucose; one of two types of starch, the other being amylose.

Answer 155

a linear, unbranched polymer of glucose; one of two types of starch, the other being amylopectin.

Answer 156

a birth defect in which a baby is born without parts of the brain and skull.

Answer 157

agent that kills or decreases the growth of bacteria.

Answer 158

a substance produced by B lymphocytes in response to the presence of a foreign antigen that will combine with and control or destroy the antigen, thus preventing infection.

Answer 159

a marker on the surface of a cell that identifies it as “self” or “non-self.”

Answer 160

the substance formed when an antibody combines with an antigen to deactivate or destroy it; also called immune complex.

Answer 161

cells, such as macrophages, that present (express onto their surfaces) portions of the antigens they have digested.

Answer 162

the recognition, ingestion, and breakdown of a foreign antigen, culminating in production of an antibody to the antigen or in a direct cytotoxic response to the antigen.

Answer 163

response in which an injured cell releases enzymes that engulf and destroy itself; one way the body rids itself of damaged and dead cells.

Answer 164

a decrease in cell size resulting from a decreased workload.

Answer 165

failure of the immune system to recognize certain tissues normally present in the body resulting in an attack against those tissues by the immune system; autoimmune disease includes rheumatic heart disease and rheumatoid arthritis.

Answer 166

an immune response to self-antigens, which the body normally tolerates.

Answer 167

the type of white blood cells that, in response to the presence of an antigen, produce antibodies thatattack the antigen, develop a memory for the antigen, and confer long-term immunity to the antigen.

Answer 168

(singular bacterium) single-cell organisms with a cell membrane and cytoplasm but no organized nucleus. They bind to the cells of a host organism to obtain food and support.

Answer 169

a thin sheet of fibers that underlies the epithelia, the membranes that line or cover internal and external body surfaces.

Answer 170

granular white blood cells that, similarly to mast cells, release histamine and other chemicals that control constriction and dilation of blood vessels during inflammation.

Answer 171

not cancerous; not able to spread to other tissues. See also malignant.

Answer 172

a process of developing a cancer.

Answer 173

an early form of cancer in which tumor cells have not yet invaded surrounding tissues.

Answer 174

the strength of a contraction of the heart.

Answer 175

shock caused by insufficient cardiac output; the inability of the heart to pump enough blood to perfuse all parts of the body.

Answer 176

a type of connective tissue that provides structure and support to other tissues.

Answer 177

a series of actions triggered by a first action and culminating in a final action—typical of the actions caused by plasma proteins involved in the complement, coagulation, and kinin systems.

Answer 178

epinephrine and norepinephrine, hormones that strongly affect the nervous and cardiovascular systems, metabolic rate, temperature, and smooth muscle.

Answer 179

the short-term immunity to an antigen provided by T lymphocytes, which directly attack the antigen but do not produce antibodies or memory for the antigen.

Answer 180

physiologic or structural changes to a cell in response to change or stress or a pathological condition.

Answer 181

metabolic processes with a cell that convert nutrients to energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and that subsequently release waste products from the cell.

Answer 182

chemicals that attract white cells to the site of inflammation, a process called chemotaxis.

Answer 183

a combination of DNA and other proteins in the nucleus of a cell that condenses to form chromosomes.

Answer 184

threadlike structures within the nuclei of cells that carry genetic information.

Answer 185

slow in onset, persisting over a long period of time, as in a chronic disease.

Answer 186

saclike structures within body cells that form part of the structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and of the Golgi apparatus and act as carrier vessels that transport proteins from the RER to the Golgi apparatus for further processing.

Answer 187

a key phase of glucose metabolism, requiring the presence of oxygen, in which pyruvic acid (a product of the breakdown of glucose) is oxidized, resulting in the release of energy in the form of ATP and carbon dioxide as waste. Also called Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.

Answer 188

the manifestation of a disease; the signs and symptoms of a disease.

Answer 189

the development of receptors, by B lymphocyte precursors in the bone marrow, for every possible type of antigen.

Answer 190

sensory receptors that detect and act on chemical signals—for example, sensing a change in carbon dioxide levels in the blood and responding by causing an increase in respiratory rate to expel the excess carbon dioxide from the body.

Answer 191

the process by which a specific antigen reacts with the appropriate receptors on the surface of immatureB lymphocytes, thereby activating them and prompting them to proliferate, differentiate, and produce antibodies to the activating antigen.

Answer 192

a plasma protein system that results in formation of a protein called fibrin. Fibrin forms a network that walls off an infection and forms a clot that stops bleeding and serves as a foundation for repair and healing of a wound. Also called the clotting system.

Answer 193

nonprotein substances that bind to enzyme proteins to assist them in biochemical transformations. Also called cofactors.

Answer 194

proteins that are the main component of connective tissue.

Answer 195

intravenous solutions containing large proteins that cannot pass through capillary membranes.

Answer 196

early stage of shock during which the body’s compensatory mechanisms are able to maintain normal perfusion.

Answer 197

a group of plasma proteins (the complement proteins) that are dormant in the blood until activated, as by antigen-antibody complex formation, by products released by bacteria, or by components of other plasma protein systems. When activated, the complement system is involved in most of the events of inflammatory response.

Answer 198

abnormalities or conditions that result from another, original disease or problem. Also called sequelae.

Answer 199

diseases affecting the metabolism that are present from birth.

Answer 200

the most abundant body tissue; it provides support, connection, and insulation. Examples: bone, cartilage, fat, blood.

Answer 201

inward movement of wound edges during healing that eventually brings the wound edges together.

Answer 202

a steroid hormone released by the adrenal cortex that regulates the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, sodium, potassium, and proteins and also has an anti-inflammatory effect.

Answer 203

folds within mitochondria that form shelves within the mitochondria.

Answer 204

intravenous solution that contains electrolytes but lacks the larger proteins associated with a colloid.

Answer 205

proteins, produced by white blood cells, that regulate immune responses by binding with and affecting the function of the cells that produced them or of other, nearby cells.

Answer 206

toxic, or poisonous, to cells.

Answer 207

the cleaning up or removal of debris, dead cells, and scabs from a wound, principally through phagocytosis.

Answer 208

advanced stages of shock when the body’s compensatory mechanisms are no longer able to maintain normal perfusion; also called progressive shock.

Answer 209

the emptying of granules from the interior of a mast cell into the extracellular environment.

Answer 210

excessive loss of body fluid.

Answer 211

a hypersensitivity reaction that takes place after the elapse of some time following reexposure to an antigen. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions are usually less severe than immediate reactions.

Answer 212

loss of a protein’s three-dimensional shape caused by factors such as heat, chemicals, or pH; the change in the appearance and structure of an egg white when it is cooked is an example of denaturation.

Answer 213

the process of identifying and assigning a name to a disease in an individual patient or a group of patients with similar signs and symptoms.

Answer 214

movement of white cells out of blood vessels through gaps in the vessel walls that are created when inflammatory processes cause the vessel walls to constrict.

Answer 215

an abnormal structural or functional change within the body.

Answer 216

homeostasis; the tendency of the body to maintain a net constant composition although the components of the body’s internal environment are always changing.

Answer 217

a change in cell size, shape, or appearance caused by an external stressor.

Answer 218

having an abnormal appearance, as with a cell seen under a microscope.

Answer 219

the outermost of three germ layers, primitive cell types that develop in the embryo and that will differentiate into the various tissues and organs of the body. See alsoendoderm; germ layers; mesoderm.

Answer 220

carriers embedded on the cristae in the inner membrane of the mitochondria of cells that transfer electrons from one molecule to another, releasing energy in the process.

Answer 221

secreted substances that are released into the bloodstream or surrounding tissues without the aid of ducts.

Answer 222

process by which substances can enter a cell when a section of the cell’s plasma membrane encircles the substance, then pinches off into a vesicle that is released into the cell. See also exocytosis.

Answer 223

the innermost of three germ layers, primitive cell types that develop in the embryo and that will differentiate into the various tissues and organs of the body. See alsoectoderm; germ layers; mesoderm.

Answer 224

molecules in the walls of certain Gram-negative bacteria that are released when the bacterium dies or is destroyed, causing toxic (poisonous) effects on the host body.

Answer 225

granular white blood cells that attack parasites and also help to control and limit the inflammatory response.

Answer 226

the protective tissue that lines internal and external body tissues. Examples: skin, mucous membranes, the lining of the intestinal tract.

Answer 227

growth of epithelial cells under a scab, separating it from the wound and providing a protective covering for the healing wound.

Answer 228

red blood cells, which contain hemoglobin, which transports oxygen to the cells.

Answer 229

the study of disease causes; the occurrences, reasons, and variables of a disease.

Answer 230

cells that contain a nucleus and organelles. The cells of most multicellular organisms, including humans, are eukaryotes. See also prokaryotic cells.

Answer 231

secreted substances that are deposited on the surface of the skin or other epithelial surface through ducts.

Answer 232

process by which substances can exit after being encircled by a membrane vesicle. See also endocytosis.

Answer 233

toxic (poisonous) substances secreted by bacterial cells during their growth.

Answer 234

substances that penetrate vessel walls to move into the surrounding tissues.

Answer 235

the breakdown of glucose without oxygen.

Answer 236

the most abundant cells in connective tissue; cells that secrete collagen proteins that maintain a structural framework for many tissues and play an important role in wound healing.

Answer 237

principle stating that the overall movement and utilization of oxygen in the body is dependent on five conditions: adequate concentration of inspired oxygen; appropriate movement of oxygen across the alveolar/capillary membrane into the arterial bloodstream; adequate number of red blood cells to carry the oxygen; proper tissue perfusion; and efficient off-loading of oxygen at the tissue level.

Answer 238

atoms or molecules with an unpaired electron in the outer shell. Most free radicals are highly reactive and cause cell damage, especially oxidative damage.

Answer 239

water that is free of solute.

Answer 240

a sequence of stress response stages: stage I, alarm; stage II, resistance or adaptation; stage III, exhaustion.

Answer 241

the three primitive cell types (endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm) that develop in the embryo and that will differentiate into the various tissues and organs of the body. See also ectoderm; endoderm; mesoderm.

Answer 242

a process controlled by the hormones glucagon and epinephrine in which stores of glycogen are broken down into glucose to meet a bodily need for glucose. See also glycogen.

Answer 243

a series of reactions by which a molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid, a process that begins the conversion of glucose into energy and that also produces free hydrogen ions that determine the body’s pH.

Answer 244

filling of a wound by the inward growth of healthy tissues from the wound edges.

Answer 245

white cells with multiple nuclei that have the appearance of a bag of granules; also called polymorphonuclear cells. Types of granulocytes are neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.

Answer 246

a tumor or growth that forms when foreign bodies that cannot be destroyed by macrophages are surrounded and walled off.

Answer 247

a unit of rate of decay of radioactive isotopes; the time it takes for the decaying parent isotope to decrease by half.

Answer 248

molecules that do not trigger an immune response on their own but can become immunogenic when combined with larger molecules.

Answer 249

the percentage of the blood occupied by erythrocytes.

Answer 250

an iron-based pigment present in redblood cells that binds with oxygen and transports itto the cells.

Answer 251

a substance released during the degranulation of mast cells and also released by basophils that, through constriction and dilation of blood vessels, increases blood flow to the injury site and also increases the permeability of vessel walls.

Answer 252

the study of diseased or abnormal tissues.

Answer 253

a virus that breaks down the immune defenses, making the body vulnerable to a variety of infections and disorders. (Human immunodeficiency virus)

Answer 254

antigens the body recognizes as self or non-self; present on all body cells except the red blood cells.

Answer 255

the long-term immunity to an antigen provided by antibodies produced by B lymphocytes.

Answer 256

an elevated level of plasma CO2.

Answer 257

an increase in the number of cells resulting from an increased workload.

Answer 258

an exaggerated and harmful immuneresponse; an umbrella term for allergy, autoimmunity, and isoimmunity.

Answer 259

an increase in cell size resulting from an increased workload.

Answer 260

rapid or deep breathing in excess of the body’s needs.

Answer 261

excessive CO2 elimination resulting in respiratory alkalosis, caused by hyperventilation.

Answer 262

a reduced level of plasma CO2.

Answer 263

inadequate perfusion of the body tissues, resulting in an inadequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues. Also called shock.

Answer 264

reduced rate or depth of breathing that does not meet the body’s needs.

Answer 265

shock caused by a loss of intravascular fluid volume.

Answer 266

decreased partial pressure of oxygen in the blood.

Answer 267

a general oxygen deficiency or oxygen deficiency to a particular tissue or organ.

Answer 268

a disease that results from a medical treatment given for another disease or condition.

Answer 269

of unknown cause, in reference to a disease.

Answer 270

a swiftly occurring secondary hypersensitivity reaction (one that occurs after reexposure to an antigen). Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are usually more severe than delayed reactions. The swiftest and most severe such reaction is anaphylaxis.

Answer 271

the body’s reactions that inactivate or eliminate foreign antigens.

Answer 272

exemption from legal liability; a long-term condition of protection from infection or disease; the body’s ability to respond to the presence of a pathogen.

Answer 273

antigens that are able to trigger an immune response.

Answer 274

antibodies; proteins, produced in response to foreign antigens, that destroy or control the antigens.

Answer 275

the body’s response to cellular injury; also called the inflammatory response. In contrast to the immune response, inflammation develops swiftly, is nonspecific (attacks all unwanted substances in the same way), and is temporary, leading to healing.

Answer 276

existing without symptoms or with mild symptoms, as a disease that does not seem as serious as it is or as it may become.

Answer 277

the fluid in body tissues that is outside the cells and outside the vascular system.

Answer 278

shock that has progressed so far that no medical intervention can reverse the condition and death is inevitable.

Answer 279

a blockage in the delivery of oxygenated blood to the cells.

Answer 280

an immune response to antigens from another member of the same species—for example, Rh reactions between a mother and infant or transplant rejections; also called alloimmunity.

Answer 281

a plasma protein system that produces bradykinin, a substance that works with prostaglandins to cause pain. It also has actions similar to those of histamine (vasodilation and bronchospasm, increased permeability of the blood vessels, and chemotaxis) but acts more slowly than histamine, thus being more important during later stages of inflammation.

Answer 282

white blood cells, which play a key role in the immune system and inflammatory (infection-fighting) responses.

Answer 283

also called slow-reacting substances of anaphylaxis (SRS-A); substances synthesized by mast cells during the inflammatory response that cause vasodilation, vascular permeability, and chemotaxis.

Answer 284

a type of leukocyte, or white blood cell, that attacks foreign substances as part of the body’s immune response.

Answer 285

a cytokine released by a lymphocyte.

Answer 286

a group of genes on chromosome 6 that provide the genetic code for HLA antigens.

Answer 287

cancerous; able to spread to other tissues. See also benign.

Answer 288

adherence of white cells to vessel walls in the early stages of inflammation.

Answer 289

large cells, resembling bags of granules, that reside near blood vessels. When stimulated by injury, chemicals, or allergic responses, they activate the inflammatory response by degranulation (emptying their granules into the extracellular environment) and synthesis (construction of leukotrienes and prostaglandins).

Answer 290

continuing processes of wound reconstruction that may occur over a period of years after initial healing, as scar tissue is remodeled and strengthened.

Answer 291

cells produced by mature B lymphocytes that “remember” the activating antigen and will trigger a stronger and swifter immune response if reexposure to the antigen occurs.

Answer 292

the middle of three germ layers, primitive cell types that develop in the embryo and that will differentiate into the various tissues and organs of the body. See alsoectoderm; endoderm; germ layers.

Answer 293

metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis; disorders that result from changes in the production of acid or changes in bicarbonate levels within the body.

Answer 294

acidity caused by an increase in acid, often because of increased production of acids during metabolism or from causes such as vomiting, diarrhea, diabetes, or medication.

Answer 295

alkalinity caused by an increase in plasma bicarbonate resulting from causes including diuresis, vomiting, or ingestion of too much sodium bicarbonate.

Answer 296

elements that tend to lose electrons. See also nonmetallic elements.

Answer 297

replacement of one type of cell by another type of cell that is not normal for that tissue.

Answer 298

movement of cancer cells to other areas of the body from the original site.

Answer 299

a unit of measure applied to electrolytes, used as a unit of measure for amounts of very small magnitude.

Answer 300

the amount of air (gas) inhaled and exhaled in one minute.

Answer 301

an antibody that is very pure and specific to a single antigen.

Answer 302

white cells with a single nucleus; the largest normal blood cells. During inflammation, monocytes mature and grow to several times their original size, becoming macrophages.

Answer 303

a cytokine released by a macrophage.

Answer 304

an atom or a small molecule that may bind chemically to other monomers to form a polymer. See also polymer.

Answer 305

progressive impairment of two or more organ systems resulting from an uncontrolled inflammatory response to a severe illness or injury.

Answer 306

tissue that is capable of contraction when stimulated. There are three types of muscle tissue: cardiac (myocardium, or heart muscle), smooth (within intestines, surrounding blood vessels), and skeletal, or striated (allows skeletal movement). Skeletal muscle is mostly under voluntary, or conscious, control; smooth muscle is under involuntary, or unconscious, control; cardiac muscle is capable of spontaneous, or self-excited, contraction.

Answer 307

peptide hormones synthesized by the heart, brain, and other organs with effects that include excretion of large amounts of sodium in the urine and dilation of the blood vessels.

Answer 308

inborn protection against infection or disease that is part of the person’s or species— genetic makeup.

Answer 309

abnormal or uncontrolled cell growth. See also neoplasm.

Answer 310

a tumor that results from neoplasia. See also neoplasia.

Answer 311

tissue that transmits electrical impulses throughout the body.

Answer 312

shock resulting from brain or spinal cord injury that causes an interruption of nerve impulses to the arteries with loss of arterial tone, dilation, and relative hypovolemia.

Answer 313

glial cells that support, insulate, and protect neurons.

Answer 314

nerve cell; cell that transmits electrical impulses.

Answer 315

a type of white blood cell; a phagocyte that has the ability to ingest other cells and substances.

Answer 316

the initial development of antibodies in response to the first exposure to an antigen in which the immune system becomes “primed” to produce a faster, stronger response to any future exposures.

Answer 317

simple healing of a minor wound without granulation or pus formation.

Answer 318

the expected outcome of a disease or injury.

Answer 319

the interactions of psychological, neurologic/endocrine, and immunologic factors that contribute to alteration of the immune system as an outcome of a stress response that is not quickly resolved.

Answer 320

respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis; disorders that result from an inequality between carbon dioxide generation in the peripheral tissues and carbon dioxide elimination by the respiratory system.

Answer 321

shock that develops as the result of infection carried by the bloodstream, eventually causing dysfunction of multiple organ systems.

Answer 322

an organism much smaller than a bacterium, visible only under an electron microscope. Viruses invade and live inside the cells of the organisms they infect.

Quiz 1 Flashcards

(472 cards)