Quiz 1 Flashcards
(81 cards)
1
Q
Primary Mover?
Whats the aka and function?
A
Agonist/Initiator
Starts the movement
2
Q
Secondary Mover
AKA and function?
A
Synergist/Facilitator
Helps primary mover with action
3
Q
Tertiary Mover
AKA and Action
A
Antagonist/Inhibitor
Stops the motion of the primary and the secondary.
4
Q
Primary is the biceps
What is secondary and tertiary?
A
Initiator= Biceps(flex)
Facilitator= Brachioradialis (flex)
Inhibitor-triceps (ext)
5
Q
Primary is Gluteus Medius.
What is secondary and tertiary?
A
Initiator=Gluteus Medius(abduct)
Facilitator=TFL (abduct)
Inhibitor= Adductor Magnus (add)
6
Q
Primary is the Gastrocnemius.
What is secondary and tertiary?
A
Initator=Gastrocnemius( pflex)
Facilitator=Soleus(pflex)
Inhibitor= tibialis anterior(dors flex)
7
Q
Primary is the pec major superior.
What is secondary and tertiary?
A
Initiator=pec major sup (horizontal flex)
Facilitator= anterior deltoid (horizontal flex)
Inhibitor=posterior deltoid( horizontal ext)
8
Q
Primary mover is the supraspinatus.
What is secondary and tertiary?
A
Initiator=supraspinatus(shoulder abd)
Facilitator=midd delt(shoulder abd)
Inhibitor=lat dorsi(shoulder add)
9
Q
SITS
A
Supraspinatus-abduction
Infraspinatus-ext rot
teres minor-ext rot
Subscapularis-internal rotation
10
Q
Muscle testing
CP
SCP
A
CP= Dr-the point of resistance
SCP-Patient, lever arm
11
Q
Muscle testing procedure
A
1/2 way through range of motion and hold for 3 seconds in a locked position. contact distal to insertion. WNL-grade 5 Do bilaterally. technique and consistency is important.
12
Q
Name two cautions to muscle testing
A
Osteoporosis
METS/Cancer
13
Q
contraindications
A
- fracture
- dislocation
- severe joint instability
- less than 5 yoa
- Resisting over wound or suture.
14
Q
Center of gravity
A
Slightly ant to the 1st or 2nd sacral tubercle
15
Q
sagittal/median plane
A
L/R
flexion and extension planes
16
Q
coronal/frontal
A
A/P
Lateral Flexion
17
Q
Horizontal/transverse
A
Cephal/Caudal
Rotation
18
Q
Cardinal
A
3 planes must intersect at the 1st and 2nd sacral tubercles.
19
Q
Sagittal/median Plane is what axis?
A
Bilateral/coronal axis
20
Q
Coronal/frontal Plane is what axis?
A
A-P/Sagittal axis
21
Q
Transverse/horizontal plane is what axis?
A
VLP
Vertical, Longitudional, Polar axis
22
Q
Pure Motion
A
1 plane 1 axis at a time.
23
Q
Circumduction
A
conical-not a pure motion.
24
Q
Oblique motions
A
coupled motions
25
Name the joints in 1 plane/1 axis
knee, elbow, pips,dips
26
SHoulder-motion/axis/plane
flexion/extension, sagittal/median plane, bi lateral/coronal axis.
abduction/adduction, coronal/frontal plane, A/P / sagittal axis.
Internal/external rotation, transverse plane, VLP axis
6 motions, 3 planes, 3 axis
27
Elbow/knee-motion/axis/plane
flexion/extension, sagittal/median plane, bilateral/coronal axis
2motions,1 plane, 1 axis
28
Wrist motion/axis/plane
flexion/extension, sagittal plane, bilateral/coronal axis
ulnar/radial deviation, coronal plane, sagittal/ap axis
4motions/2planes/2 axis
29
Forearm
pronation/supination, transverse plane, VLP axis
30
ankle motion/axis/plane
P flex/D flexion, sagittal plane, bilateral/coronal axis
Inversion/Eversion, coronal plane, a-p/ sagittal axis
4 motions, 2 planes, 2 axis
31
C4 disc level
C5 nerve root, deltoids, biceps
32
c5 disc level
c6 nerve root, wrist extensors
33
c6 disc level
c7 nerve root, triceps, wrist flexors, finger extension
34
c7 disc level
c8 nerve root, finger flexors
35
T1 disc level
t1 nerve root, finger abd, add
36
L3 disc level
L4 nerve root, tibalis anterior
37
L4 disc level
L5 nerve root, extensor hallucis longus, gluteus medius
38
L5 disc level
s1 nerve root, gluteus maximus, peroneus longus/brevis
39
Grade 5
Normal.
There is sufficient muscle contraction to move the joint through a full range of motion against gravity and against full resistance.
40
Grade 4
Good.
There is sufficient muscle contraction to move the joint through a full range of motion against gravity, and against slight resistance.
41
Grade 3
Fair.
There is sufficient muscle contraction to move the joint through a full range of motion against gravity but with no resistance.
42
Grade 2
Poor.
| There is sufficient muscle contraction to move the joint through a full range of motion but not against gravity.
43
Grade 1
Trace.
| There is slight muscle contraction but no joint movement
44
Grade 0
Total paralysis.
| There is no detectable muscle contraction or joint movement.
45
0-2
muscle weakness due to neurogenic cause
46
3-4
muscle weakness due to postural imbalance, structural misalignment.
47
5
normal
48
Psoas maj insertion and orgin
origin-bodies, Tp's and discs or lumbar vertebras
| insertion- lesser trochanter
49
psoas major action
thigh flexion
50
psoas major innervation
Lumbar plexus
51
Piriformis orgin
pelvic surface of sacrum
52
Piriformis insertion
greater trochanter
53
Piriformis action
rotates thigh laterally
54
Piriformis innervation
sacral plexus
55
Goniometry Flexion Glenohumeral Joint
```
POSITION- supine, arm by side on table
AXIS- head of humerus in glenoid fossa
PROXIMAL ARM- mid-axillary line to hip
DISTAL ARM- mid-line of humerus, lateral epicondyle as a reference
NORMAL R.O.M. - 180º
```
56
Goniometry Extension Glenohumeral joint
EXTENSION- Sagittal plane around coronal axis
POSITION- prone, arm on table, palm up, and elbow flexed (flexion removes antagonistic biceps which limit test)
AXIS- head of humerus in glenoid fossa
PROXIMAL ARM- mid-axillary line to hip
DISTAL ARM- mid-line of humerus, lateral epicondyle as a reference
NORMAL R.O.M. - 60º
57
Goniometry of shoulder abduction
ABDUCTION- Frontal plane around A-P axis
POSITION- supine, forearm supinated, Palm toward ceiling
AXIS- acromion process A to P
PROXIMAL ARM- parallel to sternum, lateral thorax area
DISTAL ARM- midline of the humerus, medial epicondyle as a reference
NORMAL R.O.M. - 180º
58
Goniometry of shoulder adduction
ADDUCTION- Frontal plane around A-P axis - USE OUTER RED SCALE
POSITION- supine, shoulder flexed to 90º, palm to opposite arm
AXIS- acromion process S to I
PROXIMAL ARM- parallel to table pointing away from head, acromion as reference S to I
DISTAL ARM- anterior mid-humeral line
NORMAL R.O.M. - 50º
59
Goniometry of shoulder external rotation
EXTERNAL ROTATION- Transverse plane around the longitudinal axis
POSITION- supine, shoulder abducted 90º, elbow flexed 90º, palm toward feet
AXIS- Olecranon process
PROXIMAL ARM- Perpendicular to the table toward floor
DISTAL ARM- midline of forearm to ulnar styloid
NORMAL R.O.M. - 90º
60
Goniometry of shoulderinternal rotation
INTERNAL ROTATION- Transverse plane around longitudinal axis
POSITION- supine, shoulders abducted 90º, elbow flexed 90º, palm toward feet
AXIS- olecranon process
PROXIMAL ARM- perpendicular to the table toward floor
DISTAL ARM- midline of forearm to ulnar styloid
NORMAL R.O.M. - 70º
61
Goniometry of elbow flexion
FLEXION- Sagittal plane around the coronal axis
POSITION- supine, forearm supinated.
AXIS- lateral epicondyle
PROXIMAL ARM- mid-line lateral humerus, humeral head as reference
DISTAL ARM- mid-line lateral forearm, radial styloid as reference
NORMAL R.O.M. - 150º
62
Goniometry of elbow extension
EXTENSION- Sagittal plane around coronal axis
POSITION- supine, forearm supinated (raise humerus off table to visualize)
AXIS- lateral epicondyle
PROXIMAL ARM- mid-line lateral humerus, humeral head as reference
DISTAL ARM- mid-line lateral forearm, radial styloid as reference
NORMAL R.O.M. - 0º
63
Goniometry of forearm pronation
PRONATION- Transverse plane around longitudinal axis
POSITION- supine, elbow flexed 90º, fingers in a fist toward the mid-line of the body
AXIS- longitudinal axis of forearm through the third MCP joint
PROXIMAL ARM- parallel to a line through second and third MCP joints toward the head
DISTAL ARM- mid-line of third finger to P.I.P. joint
NORMAL R.O.M. - 80º
64
Goniometry of forearm supination
SUPINATION- Transverse plane around longitudinal axis
POSITION- supine, elbow flexed 90º, fingers in a fist toward the mid-line of the body
AXIS- longitudinal axis of forearm through third MCP joint
PROXIMAL ARM- parallel to a line through second to fifth MCP joints toward feet.
DISTAL ARM- mid-line of the third finger to P.I.P. joint
NORMAL R.O.M. - 80º
65
Goniometry of wrist flexion
FLEXION- Sagittal plane around coronal axis
POSITION- supine with shoulder abducted 90º and elbow flexed 90º, palm toward feet
AXIS- medial wrist through pisiform
PROXIMAL ARM- medial mid-line of forearm, olecranon process as reference
DISTAL ARM- medial hand, fifth MCP joint as reference
NORMAL R.O.M. - 80º
66
Goniometry of wrist extension
EXTENSION – Sagittal plane around coronal axis
POSITION- supine, shoulder abducted 90º and elbow flexed 90º, palm towards feet
AXIS- medial wrist through pisiform
PROXIMAL ARM- medial mid-line of forearm using olecranon process as reference
DISTAL ARM- medial hand, fifth MCP joint as reference
NORMAL R.O.M. - 70º
67
Goniometry of radial deviation
RADIAL DEVIATION – Frontal plane around A-P axis
POSITION- supine, elbow flexed to 90º, palm to mid-line of body
AXIS- mid-line of wrist near capitate
PROXIMAL ARM- mid-line of posterior forearm
DISTAL ARM- mid-line of dorsum hand, third MCP joint as reference
NORMAL R.O.M.-20º
68
Goniometry of ulnar deviation
ULNAR DEVIATION – Frontal plane around the A-P axis
POSITION- supine, elbow flexed 90º, palm to mid-line of body
AXIS- mid-line of wrist near capitate
PROXIMAL ARM- mid-line of posterior forearm
DISTAL ARM- mid-line dorsum hand, third MCP joint as reference
NORMAL R.O.M.- 30º
69
Goniometry of forearm radioulnar joint
FOREARM: RADIOULNAR JOINT
PRONATION- Transverse plane around longitudinal axis
POSITION- supine, elbow flexed 90º, fingers in a fist toward the mid-line of the body
AXIS- longitudinal axis of forearm through the third MCP joint
PROXIMAL ARM- parallel to a line through second and third MCP joints toward the head
DISTAL ARM- mid-line of third finger to P.I.P. joint
NORMAL R.O.M. - 80º
70
Goniometry of hip joint flexion
FLEXION – Sagittal plane around a coronal axis
POSITION – supine, knee starts in extension but is flexed as hip flexes
AXIS – lateral hip joint, greater trochanter as reference
PROXIMAL ARM – parallel to lateral mid-line of body toward axilla
DISTAL ARM – parallel to lateral mid-line of femur, lateral condyle as reference
NORMAL R.O.M. – 120º
71
Goniometry of hip joint extension
EXTENSION – Sagittal plane around a coronal axis
POSITION – prone, knee extended
AXIS – lateral hip joint, greater trochanter as reference
PROXIMAL ARM – parallel to lateral mid-line of body toward axilla
DISTAL ARM – parallel to lateral mid-line of femur, lateral condyle as reference
NORMAL R.O.M. – 30º
72
Goniometry of hip abduction
ABDUCTION – Frontal plane around A-P axis – USE OUTER RED SCALE
POSITION - supine
AXIS – over ASIS on side being tested
PROXIMAL ARM – aligned from ASIS to ASIS (patient holds instrument)
DISTAL ARM – anterior mid-line of femur, patella as reference
NORMAL R.O.M. – 45º
73
Goniometry of hip adduction
ADDUCTION – Frontal plane around A-P axis – USE OUTER RED SCALE
POSITION – supine, opposite leg over side of table
AXIS – over ASIS on side being tested
PROXIMAL ARM – aligned from ASIS to ASIS (patient holds instrument)
DISTAL ARM – anterior mid-line of femur, patella as reference
NORMAL R.O.M. - 30º
74
Goniometry of hip external rotation
EXTERNAL ROTATION – Transverse plane around longitudinal axis
POSITION – supine with hip and knee flexed 90º
AXIS- center of anterior patella
PROXIMAL ARM – parallel to side of table and floor toward head of table
DISTAL ARM – mid-line anterior leg, tibial crest as reference
NORMAL R.O.M. – 45º
75
Goniometry of hip internal rotation
INTERNAL ROTATION – Transverse plane around longitudinal axis
POSITION – supine with hip and knee flexed 90º
AXIS – center of anterior patella
PROXIMAL ARM – parallel to the side of table and floor toward head of table
DISTAL ARM – mid-line of anterior leg, tibial crest, as reference
NORMAL R.O.M. – 45º
76
Goniometry of knee flexion
FLEXION – Sagittal plane around coronal axis
POSITION – prone, knee extended
AXIS – lateral condyle of femur
PROXIMAL ARM – lateral mid-line of femur, greater trochanter as reference
DISTAL ARM – lateral mid-line of leg, lateral malleolus as reference
NORMAL R.O.M. – 135º
77
goniometry of knee extension
EXTENSION – Sagittal plane around the coronal axis
POSITION – supine, knee extended
AXIS – lateral condyle of femur
PROXIMAL ARM – lateral mid-line of femur, greater trochanter as reference
DISTAL ARM – lateral mid-line of leg, lateral malleolus as reference
NORMAL R.O.M. – 0º
78
Goniometry of foot plantar flexion
PLANTAR FLEXION – Sagittal plane around coronal axis - Use outer red scale
POSITION – prone, knee at 90º, start with foot at 90º (neutral position)
AXIS – lateral malleolus
PROXIMAL ARM – lateral mid-line of the leg, fibular head as reference
DISTAL ARM – parallel to lateral aspect of fifth metatarsal
NORMAL R.O.M. – 50º
79
Goniometry of foot dorsiflexion
DORSIFLEXION – Sagittal plane around coronal axis – Use outer red scale
POSITION – prone, knee at 90º, start with foot at 90º (neutral position)
AXIS –lateral malleolus
PROXIMAL ARM – lateral mid-line of leg, fibula head as a reference
DISTAL ARM – parallel to lateral aspect of fifth metatarsal
NORMAL R.O.M. – 20º
80
Goniometry of subtalar inversion
INVERSION SUBTALAR – Frontal plane around A-P axis
POSITION – prone, knee extended, feet off table
AXIS – between lateral and medial malleolus at mid-calcaneal bone
PROXIMAL ARM – mid-line of tibia, gastrocnemius
DISTAL ARM – mid-line of calcaneal bone
NORMAL R.O.M. – 5º
81
Goniometry of subtler eversion
EVERSION SUBTALAR – Frontal plane around A-P axis
POSITION – prone, knee extended, feet off table
AXIS – between lateral and medial malleolus at mid-calcaneal bone
PROXIMAL ARM – mid-line of tibia, gastrocnemius
DISTAL ARM – mid-line of calcaneal bone
NORMAL R.O.M. – 5º
