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Quiz 1 Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

What are the two structures of the nervous system?

A

CNS and PNS

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2
Q

What is included in the CNS?

A

brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

What is included in the PNS?

A

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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4
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

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5
Q

What controls motor function?

A

nucleus of origin

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6
Q

What controls sensory function?

A

nucleus of termination

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7
Q

Where so CNs exit the skull?

A

patent openings

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8
Q

What does patent mean?

A

don’t change shape

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9
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

62 spinal nerves (31 pairs)

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10
Q

Where do spinal nerves attach?

A

ventral and dorsal rootlets of the spinal cord

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11
Q

What does the dorsal root contain?

A

dorsal root ganglion/spinal ganglion, posterior root ganglion

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12
Q

What does each spinal nerve split into?

A

ventral and dorsal primary ramus

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13
Q

What are the functional divisions of the nervous system?

A

somatic and visceral

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14
Q

What are the divisions of the somatic nervous system?

A

sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)

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15
Q

What does the visceral part of the nervous system control?

A

smooth, cardiac and glandular tissue (vital body functions)

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16
Q

What are the two divisions of the visceral nervous system?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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17
Q

What is another name for the sympathetic nervous system?

A

adrenergic system

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18
Q

What do the neurons of the sympathetic nervous system release?

A

preganglionic- ACh postganglionic- NE

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19
Q

Where does the sympathetic nervous system extend to?

A

superior cervical ganglion to the ganglion impar

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20
Q

What do the neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system release?

A

preganglionic- ACh postganglionic- ACh

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21
Q

What is another name for the sympathetic nervous system?

A

cholinergic system

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22
Q

What does the somatic motor pathway contain?

A

upper and lower motor neurons

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23
Q

Where are the upper motor neurons located?

A

CNS only

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24
Q

Where do the upper motor neurons extend before synapsing in the anterior horn?

A

descends through the corona radiata, internal capsule, crus cerebri, most cross in the pyramids and descend in lateral corticospinal tract before synapsing in the anterior horn

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25
What are the two types of the upper motor neurons?
pyramidal and extrapyramidal
26
Where are pyramidal neurons found?
cerebral cortex
27
What do the pyramidal neurons initiate?
voluntary neurons
28
Where are extrapyramidal neurons found?
cell bodies in the brainstem
29
What to the extrapyramidal neurons initiate?
coordination and movement
30
Where do lower motor neurons exit?
exits the cord via anterior rootlets and are carrie in names nerves to supply somatic (skeletal) muscles
31
Describe the somatic sensory pathway.
primary neuron- located in the DRG, convey information from receptor to CNS synapse in the spinal cord secondary neuron- convey information to the thalamus tertiary neuron- relay information to the cerebral cortex (posterior central gyrus) where the sensory information is integrated
32
Where is the cell body of the sensory neurons located?
in the PNS
33
Where are the cell bodies of the motor neurons located?
in the CNS
34
What is the mnemonic for the CN names?
Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet. Such Heaven
35
What is the mnemonic for the types of CN?
Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More
36
Which cranial nerve is the smallest?
IV
37
Which cranial nerve is the largest?
V
38
What is the cranial nerve of facial expression?
VII
39
What is the great nerve of the face?
V
40
Which cranial nerves exit via the superior orbital fissure?
III, IV, V1, VI
41
Which cranial nerves exit via the jugular foramen?
IX, X, XI
42
What is the skull opening for CN I?
cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
43
What is the skull opening for CN II?
optic canal
44
What is the skull opening for CN V2 and V3?
V2- foramen rotundum V3- foramen ovale
45
What cranial nerves exit the skull via the internal acoustic meatus?
VII, VIII
46
What is the skull opening for cranial nerve XII?
hypoglossal canal
47
What does CN II do?
fibers from retina converge on the optic disc, carried in the optic nerve, chiasma and tract to the lateral geniculate bodies
48
What does CN III do?
supplies 5 somatic muscles that move eyes and eyelid supplies 2 visceral muscles that constrict pupils and shape the lens
49
What does CN IV do?
supplies superior oblique
50
What is the action of the superior oblique?
depresses cornea, abduct cornea, intorsion
51
What does CN V supply?
orbit, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, ear and internal skull, muscles of mastication
52
What does CN VI innervate?
supplies lateral rectus
53
What is the action of the lateral rectus?
abducts cornea
54
What does CN VII innervate?
anterior 2/3 of the tongue for taste muscles of facial expression (stylohyoid and stapedius) lacrimal and salivary glands
55
What does CN VIII do?
hearing, equilibrium sensory from cochlea and vestibule
56
What does CN IX innervate?
posterior 1/3 of the tongue for taste motor to stylopharyngeus parasympathetic to parotid gland
57
What does CN X innervate?
pharyngeal constrictors bronchi, heart, GI tract from esophagus to distal 1/3 of transverse colon
58
What does CN XI supply?
pharynx, larynx, palate, trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles
59
What does CN XII supply?
intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue
60
Where is CN I found?
in the olfactory epithelium lining in the superior part of the nasal cavity with a thin mucus layer that covers it
61
What are olfactory neurons supported by?
supporting cells
62
What is the rule about myelination?
all PNS neurons have Schwann cells surrounding it, but are unmyelinated
63
What is the pathway of the olfactory nerves?
cribriform plate of ethmoid bone enter the olfactory bulb and synapse on dendrites of mitral cells
64
What are the primary sensory neurons of CN I?
olfactory nerves
65
What are the secondary sensory neurons of CN I?
mitral cells
66
Where are the cell bodies of the mitral cells found?
olfactory bulbs
67
What do mitral cells do?
relay information posterior via the olfactory tract
68
What do the tract fibers do when in the anterior perforated substance?
split into medial and lateral striae
69
What do medial striae fibers do?
cross the midline via the anterior commissure and travel to the opposite olfactory bulb
70
Why does the medial striae cross over to the other side?
ensures olfactory cortex on each side receives information from both olfacory bulbs. This is why we don't have left and right smells
71
What do lateral striae fibers do?
carry information to primary olfactory cortex, periamygdaloid and prepiriform area, including the uncus (bdmn area 34) on the medial aspect f the temporal lobe
72
How many neurons does the olfactory tract use?
two, this is not consistent with what we already know
73
Where does the olfactory tract not synapse?
thalamus
74
What is the vomeronasal nerve?
poorly developed in humans, believed to be important for tracking prey
75
What is the terminal nerve?
arises from nasal septum and triggers autonomic function. This is partly responsible for salivation when we smell food
76
Where are synaptic glomeruli found?
formed between the synapses of the mitral cells and the olfactory neurons

PNS Quizzes (2 decks)

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