Quiz #1 Flashcards
(37 cards)
Intelligence
- acting/thinking in ways that are goal-directed and adaptive
- capacity to understand hypothetical concepts
Abstract thinking
higher mental properties
Boring’s Dictum
intelligence is what tests measure
Theories of Intelligence
Galton’s sensory ability
Binet & Simon (1905)
Stanford Binet IQ
Wechsler Intelligence Test
Galton’s Sensory Ability
1884 - “good genes”
Better senses = better intelligence
Problem: no correlation between physical attributes & intelligence
Binet & Simon (1905)
1st IQ test
Test to identify children who could fall behind - intelligence testing used as diagnostic tool
mental age vs. chronological age
Stanford Binet IQ
Mental chronological x 100
Wechsler Intelligence Test
Current tasks too much on verbal abilities = new test with performance tasks
3 IQ’s: verbal, performance, overall
Spearman’s “g” and “s”
Positive correlations in Binet & Simon’s tests = “shared factor” or general intelligence
“g”: strength of mental engines = intelligence more uniform
“s”: specific abilities or skills = some people are just smarter
Fluid IQ
capacity to learn new ways of solving problems (decline with age) - related to “g”
Ex: texting grandparents
Crystallized IQ
accumulated knowledge of world (increase with age)
Thinking
any mental activity/processing of info (fundamental aspect of cognition)
Cognitive misers
develop mental shortcuts = save time & energy
Intuition
red shirt + facial expressions
Dual process theory of social judgement
Automatic Process
Controlled Process
Automatic Process
unconscious, based on emotion
occurs prior to conscious thoughts
Controlled Process
systematic & controlled by careful thought
attitudes & beliefs we are aware of = could become implicit/automatic over time
Heuristics
mental shortcut to provide serviceable answers
Representative Heuristic
Judging likelihood of something by considering how it matches with prototypes & categories
Ex: when at a store and see a person who looks like an employee you are pretty confident but not 100% sure
Base rate info: knowledge about relative frequency
Availability Heuristic
Judgement of frequency/probability of some event by how readily available instances come to mind
Hindsight Bias
Overestimate how accurately we could have predicted something (after knowing result)
Functional Fixity
Regard object with limited, fixed function (limited by cognitive bias)
Framing
Choices we make influenced by way choices are framed
Mental Set
our way of thinking limits solving capacity
