Quiz 1

Question 1

Mainstream Approach to Globalization

Answer 1

• based off economy only
• the economic aspect is the ability of a society to produce adequate goods and services, accumulate capital, and distribute them in society (translates to economic growth)

Question 2

Economic Development

Answer 2

-growth is positive, progressive, steady

Question 3

Modernization theory views (6)

Answer 3

Individualistic view of development - liberalism
Objection against any intervention by the state - capitalism
Narrowing the meaning of development down to economic growth - materialism
Development from within - endogenous view
Development as freedom - democratic perspective
Denial of culture and identity specifications - universalism

Question 4

Why Canada as an example of Globalization?

Answer 4

healthy, industrialized and advanced country

Question 5

Canadian Democratic Society

Answer 5

-individualism
-freedom and collaboration with competition
-tolerance
-justice
-human development
-resonsibility to protect
-sympathy with others
MULTICULTURAL

Question 6

Canadian problems even though we’re globalized

Answer 6

-Pollution, environmental dehydration, climate change,
-Rising inequality and social fragmentation
-Aboriginal issues
-peace and security at home and abroad
-Ageing population: health care and retirement income
-Poverty and social security at home
-International competitiveness of Canadian industry
Some of these problems are caused by development!!

Question 7

Other dimensions of Globalization

Answer 7

• Canada is a product of earlier ears of globalization 
	• European colonialism in the Americas 
	• European settlement 
	• Interactions with aboriginal peoples
	• Successive wave of immigration
Capitalism

Question 8

Canada as actor in globalization

Answer 8

• Canada as an actor in a globalizing world;
		○ Trade
		○ Finance and investment 
		○ Immigration and emigration
		○ Diplomacy
		○ Democratization and human rights
		○ Military activity abroad
		○ Foreign aid and international development 
		○ Humanitarian assistance 
		○ Judicial exchange and assistance
		○ Educational and cultural domains 
Global Samaritan

Question 9

Globalization FOR

Answer 9

• Like development, globalization has both boosters and critics
• For: ever freer flows of goods, ideas and people that benefit all of us
○ more prosperity
○ More variety
○ More mobility
○ More freedom to choose

Question 10

Globalization AGAINST

Answer 10

• Against: ever great exploitation of the lower and middle socio-economic strata bu the strongest groups
○ More environmental change
○ Greater inequality
○ More exploitation of the weakest

Question 11

The idea of international development (date)

Answer 11

• 1949
• Post WW2
• development as a plan of action
• developed countries began helping undeveloped countries to prosper

Question 12

the theory of international development (the date) brrrrr

Answer 12

• 1960
• The Cold War
• The birth of the theory
• development as politics
• fear of influence of communism in developing countries
• powerful countries such as US begin helping undeveloped countries to prosper (multiple motives)

Question 13

alternative perspectives on international development (the date)

Answer 13

1980s

Question 14

Mainstream Approach to development (name & date)

Answer 14

• Harry Truman and development in 1949

- inaugural address states that he wants to help developing countries

Question 15

the UN decade for development

Answer 15

1960

• postcolonial era - the age of independence
• fragility causes influence of communism
• help is preventive

Question 16

Which American president was behind the first UN declaration?

Answer 16

Kennedy

Question 17

Modernization theory of economic growth (Date and Name)

Answer 17

• The idea was theorized through the book “The Stages of Economic Growth”
• Rostow
• 1960

Question 18

the 5 stages of economic growth

Answer 18

• traditional economy
• preparation for growth
• take-off
• drive to maturity
• the condition of mass consumption

Question 19

dependency theory (case sensitive)

Answer 19

• World Systems Theory
• Dependency Theory
• developing countries suffer from issue because they’re depending on the will of the developed countries
• ‘modernization theory’ is not a proper way to grow underdeveloped countries

Question 20

Dependency Theory Key Ideas

Answer 20

• country’s position in international system is the key factor in its development
• countries are located in either core or periphery

Question 21

Core countries

Answer 21

• urbanized, industrialized, technologically advanced, etc.
• these countries receive the raw materials from peripheries and upsell it (this makes for fair advantages)
• take cheap labour from periphery countries

Question 22

Periphery countries

Answer 22

• rural, agricultural, mining, forest, etc.
• these countries usually export raw materials with a few prime products (such as cocoa)
• sell raw materials to core countries with small profit margins while importing goods from these core countries furthering debt
• vulnerable to volatility of raw material prices

Question 23

Core country France example

Answer 23

• Peripheries include Guinea, Cameroon, and Senegal\
• an uneven interdependency (more favourable for France)
• Unfair international trade

Question 24

Dependency Theory (date & name)

Answer 24

• 1960/70s
• **Raul Prebisch started this theory
• direct bi-product of colonialism
• poverty happens from the unequiable trading and the value added aspect of it

Question 25

Colonialism

Answer 25

the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.

Question 26

TRIPS (acronym) in relation to Dependency Theory

Answer 26

trade related aspects intellectual property rights

Question 27

Outcomes for Periphery Countries

Answer 27

Economic: underdevelopment and high poverty Social: inequality, conflict & wars Political: Authoritarian regimes, suppression of people

Question 28

How do we overcome underdevelopment?

Answer 28

- the developing countries must deny the classical and neoliberal theories - they must deny orthodox Marxism proposals - they must invent their own paths to development **step one is to break down all imperialistic chains of dependency**

Question 29

Dependency Branches

Answer 29

- unfair interdependency - structural approach - systematic approach - historical perspective - nationalist perspective

Question 30

a newer version of dependency theory (case sensitive) (who came up with it)

Answer 30

- Ander Gunder Frank - the unequal dependency are the essential part of the structure and development of the capitalist system in a world scale in countries - perhaps interdependency but, unequal and in favour of the metropolitan countries

Question 31

The World Systems Theory (name)

Answer 31

- Immanuel Wallerstein - dependency has been caused by the world structures - world system has created its own boundaries - capitalist world is a centerless system - this system is marked by a continual struggle and competition for wealth and benefits

Question 32

Tiers of World Sytsems Theory

Answer 32

Core: higher levels of education, generates more wealth in the world economy, exploits by cheap labour and raw materials, gains and maintains dominant position Periphery: lower levels of education, lower salaries, generates less wealth in the world economy, exploited by core and semi-periphery Semi-Periphery: the core and periphery processes are both occurring, exploited by the core but then exploits the periphery, serves as a buffer between the other two

Question 33

Difference between Dependency Theory and World Systems Theory

Answer 33

Dependency Theory is structural but country to country has dependency while the World Systems Theory has international system causes of dependency

Question 34

when did neoliberalism take place?

Answer 34

1979-1980 - by the end of the 70s the mainstream perspective was still considering development in terms of economic growth and material satisfaction - dependency theories was struggling for changing the unfair structure of dependency - human development standing at the pick of its acceptance, but not clear what must be done

Question 35

when was the neoliberal Washington Consensus?

Answer 35

1989-1990

Question 36

Pragmatic neoliberalism and problems with stagflation (date & names)

Answer 36

1979-1980 -Fredrich von Hayek, Milton Friedman, Margert Thatcher, Ronald Reagan came up with this solution to stagflation free market + human rights and democracy leads to: integration into global market : the only alternative : pragmatic solution for stagflation

Question 37

Neoliberal Proposal

Answer 37

- cut state spending - deregulation of the market - constrain wage raise to decrease inflation - expanding the role of private sector through privatization of public assets - liberalization of foreign trade - relax control of capital and money markets - protection of weaker sectors of society by strengthening social safety net thought was if these steps were followed the economy would grow

Question 38

Second phase of Neoliberalism (Washington Consensus) (name & date)

Answer 38

- John WIlliamson 1989 revisited the idea - created by: world bank, IMF, think tanks, bankers, the us policy community - fiscal discipline - reordering public expenditure priorities - tac reform - liberalizing interest rates - competitive exchange rates - trade liberalization - investment - privatization - deregulation results in more suffering for underdeveloped countries like neo neo liberalism

Question 39

Post-Washington Consensus (name & date)

Answer 39

- Joesph Stieglitz - 2005 - Washington Consensus policies as produced only limited growth even when growth did occur, it was NOT equitably shared - there is a need for equity and employment - a balance between the role of the government and the markets

Question 40

Human Development Approach (names)

Answer 40

- Mahbub ul-Haq - Amartya Sen - utilized this conception of his own work on human capability - emphasis on the central importance of people's rights and freedom - development depends on people's enjoyment of freedom and participation - ENLARGE PEOPLES VOICES

Question 41

Human Development Approach Continued

Answer 41

- not a capability an approach - all about fulfilling what people what to do, who they want to be, etc. -**people must be able to decide freely who they want to be or how they want to be and what they want to do

Question 42

Human Development Index

Answer 42

- HDI is about health, education, and income - indicators need to be relevant, internationally comparable, and available for many countries neglected dimensions include gender, equity, sustainability

Question 43

Millennium development goals - MDGs

Answer 43

-set of goals created by people deciding we must create a policy for people in poverty created in 2000 presented 8 goals

Question 44

17 sustainable development goals

Answer 44

- evolved from the MDGs - set of goals for the world's future, through 2030 - negotiated over a two-year period at the UN - SDGs

Question 45

what is new about SDGs from MDGs

Answer 45

- universality: goals apply to every nation and every sector - integration: recognized that the goals are all interconnected in a system (can't achieve one goal without the others) - transformation: widely recognized that achieving these goals involves making very big, fundamental changes on how we live on earth

Question 46

the 8 MDGs

Answer 46

- eradicate extreme poverty and hunger - achieve universal primary education - promote gender equality - reduce child mortality - improve maternal health - combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases - ensure environmental stability/sustainability - develop a global partnership for development