Quiz 1 Flashcards
(175 cards)
1
Q
Anatomical Position
A
head, eyes, toes pointed anterior
palm side, hands by side
legs close and parallel
2
Q
Fowler’s position
A
sitting upright with legs extended
3
Q
Prone position
A
lying flat on the anterior surface of body (belly side)
4
Q
Semi-Fowler’s position
A
long-leg sitting with the head of the bed at 45 degrees (sitting tilted)
5
Q
Supine Position
A
lying flat on back
6
Q
Trendelenburg Position
A
lying with your head lower than your feet (feet in air)
7
Q
Frontal Plane
A
(coronal) cuts into front and backs (ventral and dorsal)
8
Q
Sagittal Plane
A
divides body into right and left parts (side views)
9
Q
Transverse Plane
A
cuts body into top and bottoms
10
Q
Oblique Plane
A
anything that does not fit other categories, think diagonal
11
Q
abdominal
A
belly area (abs)
12
Q
antebrachial
A
forearm
13
Q
acromial
A
edge collarbone
14
Q
axillary
A
armpit
15
Q
brachial
A
bicep, upper arm
16
Q
buccal
A
cheekbone
17
Q
calcaneal
A
heel
18
Q
carpal
A
wrist
19
Q
coxal
A
side hip bone
20
Q
cranial
A
top head
21
Q
crural
A
shin
22
Q
cubital
A
crease of elbow
23
Q
dorsum of hand and foot
A
back of hand and top of foot
24
Q
facial
A
face
25
femoral
thigh
26
frontal
forehead
27
gluteal
butt
28
hallux
big toe
29
inguinal
inner thigh
30
lumbar
lower back
31
mammary
breast
32
mental
chin
33
nasal
nose
34
occipital
bottom, back of head
35
olecranol
back elbow
36
oral
mouth
37
orbital
eye
38
palmar
hand, above carpal
39
patellar
knee
40
pectoral
chest
41
perineal
genitals
42
phalangeal
4 fingers
43
plantar
bottom of foot (think: plant feet)
44
pollex
thumb
45
popliteal
back knee
46
pubic
above perineal
47
sacral
upper of tailbone
48
scapular
scapula, top back
49
sternal
middle of ribs
50
tarsal
ankle, cut over
51
temporal
side of head (temples)
52
thoracic
chest to bottom of ribs
53
umbillical
belly button
54
vertebral
spinal column
55
simple squamous epithelial tissue
one layer, squished cells
56
stratified cuboidal ET
multiple layers, cube shape
57
simple columnar ET
one layer, stretched columns with cilia
58
transitional ET
thinner at bottom, mesh into cube shape at top
59
simple cuboidal ET
one layer, cube shape
60
stratified squamous ET
multiple layers, squished shape
61
stratified columnar ET
multiple layers, column shape
62
pseudostratified columnar ET
tricky because looks like the cells are stacked on top of one another but it is actually simple not stratified, one layer with cilia
63
hyaline cartilage - specialized connective tissue
joint surfaces, ribs, nose, larynx, trachea - has collagen in the matrix
-chondrocyte in the lacuna
64
elastic cartilage
lungs, arteries, have elastic and collagen
| -a lot more purple of coloring, which is the elastic fibers
65
fibrocartilage
blue
disks of spinal cord, insertions of ligaments and tendons
-collagen
66
central canal of compact bone
dark circle in the middle
67
osteon of compact bone
the whole circle with canal in middle
68
canaliculi of compact bone
spider web things
69
osteocyte of compact bone
small black 'dots'
70
white on spongy bone
bone marrow space
71
little dots (more purple) on spongy bone
osteocytes
72
more solid pink space on spongy bone
trabeculae
73
spongy bone does not have
central canal or osteons
74
reticular specialized connective tissue
blood cells with elastic ribers
75
adipose specialized connective tissue
small white circles - adipocytes
76
blood (is a connective tissue)
plasma = white space, purple = leukocyte, red = erythrocyte
77
areolar connective tissue proper
elastic fibers = long, skinny purple
fibroblast = make collagen, purple dots
collagen = protein fibers, strong, thicker and pink
mast cell = cell of immune system with heparin (anticoagulant) and histamine (inflammatory response), the larger purple cells
location - between dermis and epidermis
78
elastic connective tissue proper
only elastic fibers, long wavy structures
79
dense regular connective tissue proper
pink with tiny purple nucleus squished to side (are the fibroblasts) with pink collagen fiber
80
dense irregular connective tissue proper
collagen fibers only, more disorganized than the others
81
skeletal muscle tissue
striations with parallel lines of pink tissue, purple nuclei on outside
82
cardiac muscle tissue
nucleus are the darker purple, whole slide is purple, can see dark lines = intercalated disks along with striations of cardiac muscle fibers
83
smooth muscle tissue
have longitudinal and cross sectional, lighter pink/pale pink with purple as nucleus
-more circular = cross sectional
84
giant multipolar neuron
small cells = neuroglial cells (helper/support cell)
cell body is dark body in middle
projections = processes of the neuron
85
epidermis
top layers of skin (4 in thin and 5 in thick)
86
dermis
below epidermis, has the capillaries that diffuse nutrients into epidermis
87
subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)
fatty layer, adipose tissue is largely part of this
88
dermal papillae
the parts of the dermis that go up into the epidermal space, hold the capilaries
89
capillaries
in dermal papillae, small blood vessels
90
arteries
red
91
veins
blue
92
difference between thick and thin skin
thick has basal lucidum, thin does not
93
layers of epidermis (come let's get sun burned)
stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
94
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelial skin
all layers have nuclei (mucousy places such as mouth and esophogus)
95
keratinized stratified squamous epithelial skin
top layer has no nuceli, look like fibers (found on surface of skin)
96
papillary layer of dermis
composed of dense irregular and areolar CT
97
reticular layer of dermis
primarily composed of dense irregular only (2nd layer)
98
sweat gland
in dermis, tube/ball like structure (cross section - the middle would be white)
99
sebaceous gland
attached with hair follicle, oil production
100
free nerve ending
in epidermis, no small balls on top, pain
101
Merkel discs
epidermis, small bulbs on top, light touch
102
Meissner's corpuscles
dermis, light touch, structure inside the bulbs
103
Pacinian corpuscles
dermis, high pressure, more circular shape & deeper
104
Ruffini endings
light pink and dermis, pressure/heat
105
hair root plexus
feed nutrients to the hair
106
hair follicle
the whole structure
107
hair shaft
hair part growing
108
matrix of hair follicle
stem cells outside the shaft
109
dermal papilla
small indent at bottom, where shaft starts growing
110
cuticle of hair shaft
outermost layer of shaft
111
cortex of hair shaft
inbetween cuticle and medulla
112
medulla of hair shaft
inner, middle of the cortex
113
fissure (bone)
narrow slit opening or passageway for vessels or nerves
114
foramen (bone)
round or oval passageway for vessels and/or nerves (jugular foramen)
115
meatus or canal (bone)
tunnel-like passageway through bone for vessels and/or nerves (auditory meatus of temporal bone)
116
sinus (bone)
a chamber filled within bone, typically air filled (frontal sinus of frontal bone)
117
groove or sulcus (bone)
long, shallow depression or furrow in bone for vessels and/or nerves (intertubercular sulcus of humerus)
118
fossa (bone)
shallow depression of bone
119
head (bone) joints
rounded, articulating end of bone (top of femur)
120
neck (bone) joints
narrowing of bone between head and shaft of long bone
121
facet (bone) joints
smooth, flat articular surface
122
condyle (bone) joints
bony projection with smooth articulating surface
123
trochlea (bone) joints
smooth, grooved articular surface shaped like a pulley
124
Ramus (bone) joints
extension or shaft of bone that forms an angle
125
joints
bone to bone contact
126
Tuberosity (bone) connective tissue attachments
large, rounded process with roughened surface
127
tubercle (bone) CT attach
small, rounded process
128
trochanter (bone) CT attach
large, blunt irregular projections
129
crest (bone) CT attach
prominent ridge on bone
130
line (bone) CT attach
low ridge on bone, less prominent than a crest
131
spine (bone) CT attach
slender, pointed process on bone
132
epicondyle (bone) CT attach
projection or ridge above condyle
133
long bones
longer than wide (femur, humerus)
134
short bones
without a long axis, carpals or tarsals
135
flat bones
thin, flat, somewhat curved (ribs, cranial bones)
136
irregular bones
complex shapes (vertebrae, sacrum, mandible)
137
sesamoid bones
developed within tendons (patella, bones under forefoot)
138
sutural bones
small, odd flat bones between flat bones of skull
139
epiphysis
ends of long bone, primarily composed of spongy bone with a thin cover of compact bone
140
articular surface
area where long bone articulates with another bone, covered by hyaline cartilage called articular cartilage
141
diaphysis
shaft of the long bone, primarily composed of compact bone and surrounds marrow cavity
142
marrow (medullary) cavity
internal space that houses marrow, location of blood cell development (red) or fat storage (yellow)
143
metaphysis
between epiphysis and diaphysis
144
periosteum
vascularized, dense irregular connective tissue covering the outer bony surface, except the articular surface. It attaches to bone via Sharpey's fibers
145
Sharpey's fibers
strong collagen fibers that connect periosteum to bone
146
endosteum
connective tissue that lines the marrow cavity and trabeculae of bones
147
nutrient foramen
passage through bone which allows nutrient blood vessels to enter and nourish interior aspects of bone
148
epiphyseal line
bondy scar where the growth (epiphyseal) plate once was at the union between the epiphysis and diaphysis
149
compact bone
forms the walls and external surfaces of bone
150
spongy bone
forms the honey-comb internal structure of the bone
151
bony fusion - synostosis
cranial, first rib to sternum
152
Suture (fibrous)
cranial suture, skull only
153
Gomphosis (fibrous)
tooth in socket (peg- in - socket)
154
Syndesmosis (fibrous)
ankle joint, fibrous connection between ligament/tendon and joint
155
Synchondrosis (cartilaginous)
sternocostal (connecting medium is hyaline cartilage)
156
Symphysis (cartilaginous)
intervertebral discs between 2 vertebrae
157
Synovial
plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball-and-socket
158
plane
acromioclavicular joint (more of a flat surface)
159
hinge
atlanto-axial joint, with the vertebrae, backward and forward movement
160
pivot
elbow joint, allows twisting motion
161
saddle
ex: carpometacarpal joint, concave and convex surfaces
162
condyloid
ex: metacarpophalangeal joint, an ovoid articular surface received into a cavity
163
right and left lateral flexion
thinking bending neck or trunk to the left or right
164
internal rotation
toward/inward to body
165
external rotation
outward from body
166
protraction
pushing with scapula (push out shoulders)
167
retraction
closer to spine
168
elevation
shrug shoulders, upwards
169
depression
push shoulders down, downward
170
pronation
forearm, wrist, posteriorly
171
supination
palm anteriorly
172
plantarflexion
ankle, point toes
173
dorsiflexion
toes up, weight on heel
174
inversion
sole foot inward
175
eversion
sole foot outward
