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Intro to Nursing > Quiz #1 > Flashcards

Quiz #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 4 main concepts in the ANA’s definition of nursing

A
  1. health promotion
  2. prevention of illness and injury
  3. patient advocacy
  4. diagnosis and treatment of the human response
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2
Q

what is the difference between what a nurse does and what a physician does?

A

nurse: treat pt response to disease
physician: diagnosis and treatment of disease

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3
Q

who is considered the founder of modern nursing

A

florence nightingale

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4
Q

how did the wars in the U.S. history help advance the cause for nursing?

A

need for nurses to care for wounded soldiers increased, began developing programs for nurse training

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5
Q

what role did nurses have in the first nursing schools in hospitals?

A

subservient female work force

-cleaning, feeding, laundry, etc.

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6
Q

what is the name of the nursing professional organization founded in 1896 that represents the interests of all nurses today?

A

ANA (american nurses association)

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7
Q

in the early 1900’s, what major change took place in nursing education?

A

nursing education available at university level, not just hospital training

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8
Q

how does nursing education today differ from nursing education in early 1900’s?

A

scientific background
nursing theories
specialties
licensure more extensive (prove competencies and knowledge base)
medicare and medicade - more pt searching for health care

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9
Q

when did hospitals develop nursing training schools? and why?

A

after the civil war

because no organized medical care during civil war

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10
Q

what did the spanish american war do for nursing?

A

set stage for development of navy nurse corps

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11
Q

when was the first nation wide exam?

A

1950

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12
Q

when was the first associate degree offered? and why?

A

after world war 2, because there was a surge in building hospitals after congress gives financial support for nursing education & because of a shortage in nursing

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13
Q

what are the 3 educational pathways for being a RN?

A

diploma programs
associates degree
bachelors degree

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14
Q

is the LPN a registered nurse? why or why not?

A

no (vocational); they do not take the NCLEX ( they only receive technical training)

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15
Q

what nursing career paths are available through a masters degree?

A

NP, Clinical nurse specialist, CRNA (changing), nurse midwifes, nurse educator, clinical nurse leader, researchers

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16
Q

what are 2 final degree pathways for nurses and how do they differ?

A

phD - specializes in research

DNP - practice focused

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17
Q

what are some practice settings for nurses?

A

hopsital, clinics, offices, homes, schools, workplaces, military, universities

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18
Q

what was the earliest form of nursing education? what was the purpose?

A

diploma programs

purpose to meet staffing needs

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19
Q

why a push towards bachelors degrees?

A

to qualify nursing as a profession

provide leadership in administration, teaching and public health

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20
Q

2 components of graduate-level degree in nursing

A
  1. research component

2. clinical specialty courses

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21
Q

clinical nurse leader vs charge nurse

A

clinical nurse leader is a masters degree who can also write orders possibly (can do advanced things)

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22
Q

what are the key characteristics of a profession? (9)

A
  1. occupational group w/set of behaviors or attitudes or both
  2. intellectual
  3. high responsibility
  4. based on a body of knowledge (developed by research)
  5. ethical
  6. practical and theoretical
  7. independent practice
  8. professional organization
  9. taught by specialized professional education
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23
Q

what are barriers to nursing as a profession?

A
  1. varying levels of education
  2. gender issues
  3. historical influences
  4. external conflicts
  5. internal conflicts
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24
Q

what is the difference between a profession and an occupation? (2)

A
  1. preparation: typically takes place in college or university and requires specialized body of knowledge and techniques of profession
  2. commitment: orientation to the beliefs, values and attitudes expected of the members of the profession as well as the standards of practice and ethical considerations
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25
why was florence nightingale important?
- importance of observing patient and recording info - importance of cleanliness - recognized nurses role in protecting patients
26
why was Virginia henderson important?
- recognized being a partner with the patient | - assist the person in activities that contribute to health/recovery that they would do themselves if they were well
27
why was jean watson important?
emphasized the caring aspects of nursing
28
why was dorothea orem important?
identify needs and promote patient taking care of themselves
29
why was sister callista roy important?
adapting environment to further patients adaptation and coping
30
why is theory important?
integration of theory into practice is basis for nursing to be a profession (distinct body of knowledge) structure for decision making support excellence in practice
31
why was hildegard peplau important?
emphasized relationship between patient and nurse | therapeutic interpersonal relationship
32
why was madeleine leininger important?
founder of transcultural nursing | make cultural congruent decisions with patients
33
what organization is responsible for regulating if you are a competent nurse?
board of nursing
34
what are the 4 major purposes of the state boards of nursing in each state?
1. licensure 2. standards for education 3. implement criteria for assurance of continued competency 4. disciplinary action when needed
35
what is the purpose of requiring RNs to pass nursing licensure exam prior to being able to practice as an RN?
provides minimal knowledge base to be able to practice nursing
36
what are michigan's continuing competency requirements for practicing RNs?
every 2 years - 25 hours of continuing education (2 of which should be on pain and symptom management) 1x human trafficking training
37
how do health care institutions provide an environment conductive to competent practice?
establish policies and procedures conducive to competent practice
38
what will you do in your practice to provide the competency level expected of an RN?
exercise judgement based on policies and standards
39
what are the 4 tiers in the model of professional nursing practice regulation?
bottom tier: foundation (scope of practice, code of ethics, standards of practice, specialty certification) 3rd tier: specific to state (nurse practice acts and rules and regulations) 2nd tier: institutional polices and procedures (depends where you work) top tier: self-determination (up to you what you do and don't do)
40
standards of practice
describe a competent level of nursing care (care you provide, nursing process)
41
standards of professional performance
describe a competent level of behavior in the professional role (how, ethical)
42
code of ethics
philosophical ideas of right and wrong that you use to provide care
43
specialty certification
additional verification and validation of competence | not just advanced practice degrees, can have specialty to a unit (med surg for example)
44
what are nurse practice acts
state boards oversee these regulate scope of nursing and protect public health, safety, and welfare shield public from unsafe nurses each states decides the scope of nursing practice generally follows ANA definintions
45
michigans nurse practice acts
does not have its own nurse practice act | has one that involved nursing and 25 other occupations
46
name the 6 standards of professional practice
1. assessment 2. diagnosis 3. outcomes identification 4. planning 5. implementation (coordination of care, health teaching & health promotion) 6. evaluation AKA nursing process
47
name the 11 standards of professional performance
1. ethics 2. culturally congruent practice 3. communication 4. collaboration 5. leadership 6. education 7. evidence-based practice and research 8. quality of practice 9. professional practice evaluation 10. resource utilization 11. environmental health
48
who is responsible for developing and maintaining the scope and standards of practice
ANA
49
purpose of standards of professional nursing practice
foundation for the nurses decision-making
50
what is the nursing process?
problem-solving approach (using critical thinking) to meet the health care and nursing needs of patients
51
what are the steps of the nursing process?
1. assessment 2. nursing diagnosis 3. planning 4. implementation 5. evaluation
52
what is the key element that guides decision-making process in the nursing process?
critical thinking
53
characteristics of the nursing process
- cyclic and dynamic - client centered - problem-solving and decision-making - interpersonal and collaborative style - universal applicability - use of critical thinking
54
what are the 4 basic services provided by health care delivery system?
health promotion illness prevention diagnosis and treatment rehab and LTC
55
which of the 4 basic services has the health care system typically addressed the most in the past?
diagnosis and treatment
56
which of the 4 basic services should the health care system be addressing in the future?
health promotion
57
what is health promotion
community focused | helping people improve their health to reach an optimal state of physical, mental, and social well-being
58
what is disease and injury prevention?
reduce risk of illness or injury or preventing it getting worse
59
what is primary care? (3 parts)
1. treat existing health problems (PCP usually) 2. specialized clinical care 3. high specialized
60
what is secondary care?
rehab services and activities designed to restore a person to previous level of function or reach new level of function limited by illness and injury
61
what is tertiary care?
supportive care | services and activities designed to address the chronic health needs to patients of any age
62
what is the nursing metaparadigm?
framework that shows connectedness of nursing, person (patient), environment & health
63
what are the 4 parts of the nursing paradigm and a definition for each?
1. person - recipient (may include pt, family, groups, communities, individuals) 2. environment - internal and external surrounds that affect the client 3. health - degree of wellness/well-being that the client experiences 4. nurse - attributes, characteristics and actions of the nurse providing care on behalf of or in conjunction with the client
64
passive strategies for health promotion vs active strategies
passive - individuals gain from activities without acting themselves (milk w/ vit D, fluoride in water for public) active - individuals adopt specific health programs (smoking cessation programs)
65
types of health care agencies (4)
1. government 2. voluntary 3. non-for-profit 4. for-profit
66
what do you think are the 2 most important roles of the nurse and why?
patient advocate provider of care (can differ)
67
what are some roles of the nurse
``` provider of care educator counselor manager researcher collaborator patient advocate ```
68
what is palliative care
specialized medical care that focuses on providing patients relief from pain and symptoms or a serious illness (no matter diagnosis or stage)
69
what is hospice care
medical care to help someone with a terminal illness live as well as possible for as long as possible (increase quality of life)
70
difference between hospice and palliative care
palliative - relief w/interventions, anytime in disease process hospice - relief without interventions, during end of life (less than 6 months usually) both make patient comfortable
71
what should you as the nurse do if you think that a patient needs palliative or hospice care?
educate and advocate process is determined by the hospital need an order for hospice, usually need a consult for this
72
what are the components of discharge planning?
pt leaves when physical conditions allow required referrals provide info about resources patient and family education
73
when does discharge planning begin?
as soon as patient is admitted
74
what is respite care?
provides caregivers with relief temporarily by taking over caregiving duties offered in home, a daycare, or health care institution
75
what are the different levels on the illness wellness continuum?
1. optimal health 2. good health 3. neutral 4. poor health 5. disease
76
what is the difference between acute and chronic illness?
acute - usually reversible, short duration, severe, abrupt symptoms that subside over time chronic - longer than 6mo, usually reversible, affects functioning of one or more systems
77
name variables that influence a persons health (8)
1. developmental stage (predict response) 2. intellectual background (health literacy) 3. perception of functioning (pt's perception) 4. emotional factors (stress, depression) 5. spiritual factors 6. family and health care 7. psychosocial and socioeconomic factors (includes environment) 8. culture
78
what is health disparity?
if a health outcome is seen to a greater/lesser extent between populations linked with social, economic, and environmental disadvantage
79
what are health determinants?
factors that contribute to a person's current state of health
80
name the health determinants (6)
1. policymaking (increasing tobacco prices may help people quit) 2. social factors (schools, public safety, exposure to crime, violence, etc.) 3. physical factors (natural environment, built environment, schools, housing, exposure to toxics, disabilities) 4. health services (access and quality, cost, insurance, language, lack of availability) 5. individual behaviors (diet, activity, hand washing, alcohol, smoking, etc) 6. biology and genetics (age, sex, HIV, inherited conditions, family hx of heart disease, etc.)

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