Quiz #1

Question 1

First hospital of colonial America. Founded by Thomas Bond and Ben Franklin

Answer 1

Pennsylvania Hospital, now known as the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania

Question 2

By 1800 there were how many hospitals in the US?

Answer 2

2 hospitals

Question 3

By 1873 there were how many hospitals in the US?

Answer 3

178 hospitals

Question 4

In the 19th century hospitals and medical professionals (i.e. pharmacists) played a small role in healthcare. What did people rely on to maintain good health?

Answer 4

Clean air and good food emphasized over

medicines

Question 5

These three states in the US have the most hospitals (as of 2018).

Answer 5

California, Texas, Florida

Over 200 hospitals

Question 6

The US has about how many hospitals nationwide?

Answer 6

5,000+

6,146 as of 2020

Question 7

Around the time of the Civil War (1861-1865),
need for organized pharmacy service started to
be recognized for expertise in what?

Answer 7

1 . Extemporaneous manufacturing

2. Purchasing medical goods

Question 8

In the early 20th century what changes occurred in reference to labor in hospitals, medical practice and medical therapies?

Answer 8

Hospitals increased division of labor

Medical practice became more
specialized

Medication therapies were more
complex

Question 9

In the early 20th century, What was the impact on pharmacy?

Answer 9

1. The demand for pharmaceutical services grew
   due to more complex therapies
2. It made financial sense to fill medication orders
   in house

Question 10

What act was passed on October

28, 1919 and lasted for more than 13 years?

Answer 10

National Prohibition Act

Question 11

How did the National Prohibition Act affect pharmacy?

Answer 11

Alcohol commonly prescribed in 1920s

Many doctors boosted their practices by distributing medicinal alcohol.

Question 12

What role did pharmacists play in alcohol

prescribing?

Answer 12

1. Inventory control

2. Manufacture medicinals containing alcohol

Question 13

In the 1930s, the American Hospital Association

created the Committee of Pharmacy. What were the committee’s goals?

Answer 13

Develop minimum standards

Prepare a manual of pharmacy operations

Question 14

In 1937, the Committee of Pharmacy Report was published. What was the purpose of this report?

Answer 14

The committee attempted to study the operation of hospital pharmacy in order to develop minimum standards for such departments.

Question 15

In 1942 the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists (ASHP) was formed. What were the 2 major goals?

Answer 15

1. Forum for sharing professional standards &
   goals
2. Provide resources to assist in developing
   hospital pharmacy practice

Question 16

In 1955 ASHP changed their name to the American Society of Health-System
Pharmacists. What did this change reflect?

Answer 16

Reflects hospital changes, including
consolidation of facilities and
diversification beyond inpatient care into
ambulatory care and home care

Question 17

How was the pharmacy profession viewed in the 50s and 60s? What professionals handled most medication functions?

Answer 17

Pharmacists still not considered “essential”. Viewed as “complimentary” services

Question 18

1957-1960 Audit of Pharmaceutical Services in

Hospitals was conducted. What impact did this event have?

Answer 18

1. Results were published in Mirror to Hospital Pharmacy and continues to be significant
2. ASHP conducts annual surveys of hospital pharmacy and data is compared to earlier surveys

Question 19

What was decision was the major turning point for the ASHP Hilton Head Conference?

Answer 19

Clinical pharmacy should not be

separate from pharmacy practice

Question 20

What are the 4 major themes in hospital pharmacy?

Answer 20

1. Pharmacists must oversee acquisition, distribution, &
   control of drug products
2. Hospital pharmacy depts accepted a major role in
   patient safety
3. Hospital pharmacy depts took on a major role in
   promoting rational drug therapy
4. Hospital pharmacy depts have a goal of fostering
   optimal patient outcomes from medication use

Question 21

What 4 factors discussed in the slides had an impact on the changes that occurred in hospital pharmacy within its 50 year existence?

Answer 21

1. Shift of national resources into health care
   - 1965: Medicare
   - Expansion of other health insurance coverage
2. Expansion of clinical research & drug product
   development
3. More complex & costly drug therapy
4. Increased interest in improving health care
   quality

Question 22

What entity developed the 60+ practice standards within the “Best Practices for Hospital and
Health System Pharmacy”?

Answer 22

American Society of Health System Pharmacists (ASHP)

Question 23

Describe how practice standards are enforced and implemented. (4 points)

Answer 23

1. Issued by an expert group
2. Provides advice on minimal requirements for best
   methods to address a problem
3. Does NOT have the force of law
4. Education & peer pressure foster compliance

Question 24

What are the 4 main categories for types of hospitals?

Answer 24

1. Functionality
2. Size
3. Location
4. Ownership

Question 25

What are the 5 types of hospitals based on functionality?

Answer 25

1. Acute care hospitals
2. Academic Medical Centers/Teaching Hospitals
3. Community hospitals
4. Long-term acute care hospitals (LTACH)
5. Safety Net Hospitals (SNHs)
6. Specialty hospitals
7. Trauma Center Hospitals