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Microbiology SJSM > Quiz 1 Bacteria > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Bacteria Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Anaerobes (can’t breath air)

A

Clostridium, Fusobacterium, Bacteriodes, Actinomyces

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2
Q

Facultative anaerobes (can tolerate o2) (SSN)

A

Streptococci, staphylococci, gram negative bacteria

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3
Q

Aerobes (use/need o2) (N,PA,MT,BP)

A

Nocardia, Mycobacterium TB, Psuedomonas aruginosa, Bordetella pertussis

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4
Q

Capsulated bacteria (Please SHiNE my SKiS) meningitis + pneumonia-causing bacteria

A

Psuedomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pnuemoniae, Haemophilus influenza (B), Escherichia E.coli, Salmonella, klebsiella pneumoniae

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5
Q

Bacterial virulence factors

A

protein A, IgA protease, M protein, Capsule

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6
Q

Protein A

A

Stops opsonization + phagocytosis

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7
Q

IgA protease + SHiN

A

cleaves IgA and lets bacteria attach to mucus membranes
Neisseria, S. pneumonia, H influenza

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8
Q

M protein

A

uses molecular mimicry to evade phagocytosis & trick the body into attacking our own cells (A streptococci)

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9
Q

Exo vs Endo toxins

A

Exotoxins: secreted by gram-negative (very toxic), botulism, cholera, diphtheria
Endotoxins: secreted by gram-positive (not very toxic) Meningitis, spesis

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10
Q

Konch’s 4 postulates

A
  1. Pathogen is present in the disease
  2. Pathogen causes disease in the host
  3. pathogen can be isolated into a new host (inocculation)
  4. pathogen in the new host is the same as the old (reinocculation)
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11
Q

MRSA infection pathway

A

Staphylococcus Aurus (gram-positive + protein A) —> COPS (Staphylococcus coagulase positive)—–> resistant to antibiotics (oxaliccin, cloxoaciccin, dicloxacallin) —-> MRSA —–> treat with vancomyocin ——> either kills the pathogen or forms VRSA

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12
Q

Gram staining steps (4)

A

primary stain (alanine/basic purple dye)
Mordant (iodine to fix smear)
Decolourization (acetone-alcohol to flush)
secondary stain (adds pink)

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13
Q

Eikenella Corrodens

A

normal mouth flora that can cause soft tissue infection with fist/bite injuries that can lead to pericarditis

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14
Q

Use penicillin of gram pos or neg bacteria

A

gram-negative = use penicillin
gram-positive = the periplasmic space means penicillin wont work

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15
Q

Proteoglycan cell wall components

A

NAG-NAM, Penicillin binding (NAG-NAM), tetrapeptide (NAG-NAG)

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16
Q

Periplasmic space

A

has B-lactamase which breaks lactom rings

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17
Q

Gram negative bacteria typically produce which one:
endo/exotoxins?

A

Endotoxins, because of the lipid A in the lipopolysaccharide layer of the cell wall (stains pink/red)

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18
Q

Gram negative bacteria typically produce which one:
endo/exotoxins?

A

Exotoxins, like teichoic acids (anonie polymers stains purple) that:
- help attach, act as an exotoxin, pro-inflammatory nature

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19
Q

streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, & Klebsiella pneumoniae all have one structural similiarity

A

they’re capsulated

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20
Q

Name 4 capsulated bacteria

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae,
Neisseria meningitidis,
Escherichia coli,
Klebsiella pneumoniae

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21
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, & Klebsiella pneumoniae all have one structural similiarity

A

they’re capsulated

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22
Q

Immune response to viral/intracellular infections

A

Cell mediated (adaptive immunity)

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23
Q

Draughtsman appearance + positive Quellung reaction indicate the presence of which bacterial species?

A

Streptococcus pneumonia

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24
Q

Immune response to bacterial infections

A

Humoral/antibody-mediated via interleukin 4 & 5

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25
Interleukin 1 is also called _______ and it's made by _______?
Endogenous pyrogen and its made by macrophages (also secrete tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a))
26
Give the gram report of E. coli
Gram-negative Bacilli Lipid A
27
streptococci refers to what arrangement of bacteria?
chain arrangement
28
Give the grams report of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Gram-positive cocci in pairs (diplococci) Lanceocate-shaped Draughtsman appearance This bacteria causes pneumonia and bacterial meningitis
28
Give the grams report of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Gram-positive cocci in pairs (diplococci) Lanceocate-shaped Draughtsman appearance This bacteria causes pneumonia and bacterial meningitis
29
Give the grams report of Neissera gonorrhea/ mengitidis
gram negative diplococci Polymorphs may be present
30
Gram positive bacilli ex. C. perfringens that cause gangreen are susceptible to what?
oxygen because they're anaerobes
31
Interpret the grams report : Gram-positive bacilli Boxcar/bamboo appearance
Bacillus anthracis
32
Interpret the grams report : Gram-positive bacilli Boxcar/bamboo appearance
Bacillus anthracis
33
The penicillin binding protein functions to, how does penicillin impact it?
forms the NAG-NAM peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall Penicillin inhibits the peptidoglycan formation to kill gram positive bacteria
34
Which bacterial enzymes de-activate penicillin?
B-lactamase/penicillinase, breaks the B-lactam ring (via hydrolysis) to expose the periplasmic space
35
How do bacteria confer penicillin resistance?
they can change PBP ---> PBP2a via the mecA gene (because it's not suseptable to penicillin)
36
How do bacteria confer penicillin resistance?
they can change PBP ---> PBP2a via the mecA gene (because it's not suseptable to penicillin)
37
a characteristic of the periplasmic space of gram-negative bacteria that leads to endotoxin shock
Lipid A
38
ZN/Ziehl's-Neelsen's stain is also known as
Acid-fast staining done for oocytes (which cause life threatening diarrhea), colour doesn't wash away with acid/alcohol
39
What is the culprit bacteria in Aids causing diarrhea?
Cryptosporidium parvum (an opporunitic infection that causes the presence of oocysts
40
What is the culprit bacteria in Aids causing diarrhea?
Cryptosporidium parvum (an opporunitic infection that causes the presence of oocysts
41
Quellung reaction
A precipitin reaction that causes capsule swelling & shows -/+ coagulase
42
Capsulated, spherical yeast causing fungal meningitis in AIDs patients id called
Cryptococcus neoformans (an opportunistic infection caused by lymphocytic pleomorphism
43
Anabolism vs catabolism
Anabolism (biosynthesis) builds nutrients/ cell components Catabolism breaks down nutrients to make ATP
44
Heterotrophs vs Autotrophs
Heterotrophs need organic carbon (more pathogenic) Autotrophs use inorganic carbon CO2
45
Siderophores
Iron chelating compounds (use host's transferrins to sequester iron) ex. Catechols & Hydroxamates E.coli uses siderophores they secrete proteins that bind to iron tightly and import host Fe3+ and they often lead to hemachroma
46
g=t/n what do the variables mean?
g= generation time (usually 0.5) t= exponential growth time (total time of all generations involved) n= number of generations
47
n= 3.3 (logNt - logNo) what do the variables mean?
n= number of generations logNt = number of cells at a given time logNo = initial number of cells
47
What is the optimum point for sporulation in a bacterial population growth curve?
middle of the stationary phase
48
What is the optimum point for penicillin treatment in a bacterial population growth curve?
during the log/experiential growth phase (when bacteria are dividing they're cell walls are vulnerable)
49
To perform a viable cell count via the pour plate method, what condition must bacteria be able to withstand?
45 Degree celsius temperature
50
What's the ideal condition for psychochromophiles to grow?
cooler temps ~15 degrees celsius e.x flavobacterium
51
What pH and medium do fungi need to grow?
Low pH with sabouraud's agar as a medium
52
What coditions do mesophiles grow
37 degree celsius ex. E coli these are our pathogenic bacteria
53
What is the working principle of an auto-clave
it applies 15lbs of pressure for 15-20 minutes to sterilize
54
What is the working principle of an auto-clave
it applies 15lbs of pressure for 15-20 minutes to sterilize
55
Halophils traits
these can survive salty-ass environments ex. S. aureus
56
What is absolutely essential for bacteria to avoid host defenses and establish an infection?
Adhesion/attachment It can do this via: - Fimbria ( cranberry juice inhibits E. coli type 1 fimbriae to uroepithelial cells) - Teichoic acid (staphylococci) - Flagella (Vibrio cholarae) - Binding to fibronectin - Biofilms (loose slime which helps antibiotic resistance)
57
lysozyme is active primarily against gram positive or gram-negative organisms?
gram-positive bacteria
58
What bacteria keep vaginal pH low?
Lactobacilli (antibiotics suppress it and lead to an overgrowth of Candida albicans (yeast infection)
59
Which acid-fast organism is present in uncircumcised men?
Mycobacterium smegmatis
60
ID the bacteria: - Anaerobic - Gram-positive - Causes pseudomembranous colitis after antibiotic treatment
Clostridium difficile
61
Which surface determinant is present on streptococcus pyogenes and causes cross-reacting antibodies
M protein, they use molecular mimicry to reassemble our tissues to yield an autoimmune response
62
What component of an organism (like s. aureus) accounts for the gram-positive coloring when stained
thick peptidoglycan wall
63
What allows organisms like Mycobacterium tuberculosis to be acid-fast
their cells walls have lots of myoclonic acid (they look pink)
64
What is E. coli's gram stain
gram-negative with lipid A endotoxin
65
What is a Mordant's job in staining slides and what's usually used?
Iodine is typically used to fix the stain
66
20%H2SO4 0r 3%HCL are used as decolourizer in which type of stain?
Acid-fast stain

Microbiology SJSM (12 decks)

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