Quiz 1- Basics and Embryology

Question 1

Cutting body down to create a left and right

Answer 1

sagittal

Question 2

Slicing body down like halving a chicken

Answer 2

coronal (anterior/posterior)

Question 3

Slice body in half like magic show

Answer 3

transverse (superior and inferior)

Question 4

Rotation towards and away from midline

Answer 4

lateral/medial

Question 5

What surrounds compact bone?

Answer 5

periosteum

Question 6

Describe 2 main components of long bone

Answer 6

diaphysis (shaft) and epiphysis (articular surfaces)

Question 7

Where would we find sesamoid bones?

Answer 7

patella

Question 8

Describe how intramembranous ossification occurs (3 main steps)

Answer 8

mesenchyme clumps, osteoblast, osteocyte

Question 9

Name the 5 steps of endochondral ossificatin

Answer 9

1. cartilaginous tube 2. primary ossification at the diaphysis 2. secondary ossification at the ends 4. elongation of epiphyseal disk 5. fusion

Question 10

What separates two skeletal systems?

Answer 10

joints

Question 11

Components of primary synovial joint (all have these 3 things)

Answer 11

joint capsule, synovial membrane, fibrous membrane

Question 12

What are the 4 components that secondary synovial joints can have?

Answer 12

menisci, labrum, fat pads, articular disks

Question 13

ROM of joints when it is like a hinge (elbow)?

Answer 13

uniaxial

Question 14

The patella can move in two directions, what is this called?

Answer 14

biaxial

Question 15

Ball and socket joints like hips, move in multiple directions, what is this called?

Answer 15

multiaxial

Question 16

What two components connect muscles with bones and cartilages?

Answer 16

tendons and aponeurosis

Question 17

If a muscle is fixed and doesnt move, it is known as what?

Answer 17

origin

Question 18

The moving part of the muscle connected is what

Answer 18

insertion

Question 19

What cell implants and then rapidly divides and cleaves?

Answer 19

zygote

Question 20

The zygote cleaves into what cell that travels into the uterine lining?

Answer 20

blastocyst

Question 21

The inner cells of a blastocyst that will become the placenta are called?

Answer 21

trophoblast

Question 22

What do the inner clump cells of the blastocyst become?

Answer 22

embryoblast- us

Question 23

What is the tri-laminar disc composed of?

Answer 23

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Question 24

This germ layer will create the brain, spinal cord (neural tube), nerves, skin, nails, and hari

Answer 24

ectoderm

Question 25

The mesoderm will make what important organs?

Answer 25

heart, kidneys, bones, cartilage, muscles, vessels, reproductive organs

Question 26

The lungs, trachea, GI tract, liver, pancreas, bladder are made by what germ layer?

Answer 26

endoderm

Question 27

How is the neural tube formed from the neural ectoderm? (3 steps)

Answer 27

1. grows tall and makes crests, grooves 2. meet in the middle 3. zips and closes into neural tube

Question 28

Name the embryotic derivatives of mesoderm (4)

Answer 28

notochord, paraxial, intermediate, lateral plate

Question 29

The paraxial mesoderm will make what important derivative for spinal creation?

Answer 29

somites

Question 30

Somites will become what two things that eventually make more of body?

Answer 30

dermamyotome, sclerotome

Question 31

Sclerotome will make bones more effectively by what process?

Answer 31

segmentation

Question 32

The paraxial mesoderm (two french breads on each side of neural tube) will segmentate into?

Answer 32

somites

Question 33

What the does somite derivative sclerotome make?

Answer 33

vertebrae

Question 34

What the does somite derivative dermamyotome make?

Answer 34

Muscles from axial and dermis

Question 35

Dermatome and myotome are derivative of?

Answer 35

dermamyotome

Question 36

The areas of the skin innervated from a single spinal root?

Answer 36

dermatomes "striped spinal root"

Question 37

how does the myotome derivate of dermamyotome which derives from somites create muscle groups?

Answer 37

group of muscles from single spinal root

Question 38

Epaxial and hypaxial refer to what?

Answer 38

come from myotomes, epaxial has dorsal branches for the back, hypaxial will make the branches

Question 39

The endoderm will fold and pinch off to become what?

Answer 39

gut tube

Question 40

The body cavity will be pinched off by what?

Answer 40

lateral plate