Quiz 1: Gross Neuroanat & Cranial Nerves (9/17)

Question 0

Olfactory Nerve

Answer 0

SENSORY. Smell.

Question 1

Optic Nerve

Answer 1

SENSORY. Vision.

Question 2

Oculomotor Nerve

Answer 2

MOTOR. Eye movement.

Question 3

Trochlear Nerve

Answer 3

MOTOR. Eye movement.

Question 4

Trigeminal Nerve

Answer 4

BOTH. Masticatory movements (open and close mouth).

Question 5

Abducens Nerve

Answer 5

MOTOR. Eye movement.

Question 6

Facial Nerve

Answer 6

BOTH. Facial movement and tongue sensation.

Question 7

Vesibularcochlear Nerve

Answer 7

SENSORY. Balance and audition.

Question 8

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Answer 8

BOTH. Movement of the tongue, mouth, pharynx, larynx, taste.

Question 9

Spinal Accessory Nerve

Answer 9

MOTOR. Neck and viscera.

Question 10

Vagus Nerve

Answer 10

BOTH. Heart, larynx, pharynx, and other arterial functions.

Question 11

Hypoglossal Nerve

Answer 11

MOTOR. Tongue movement.

Question 12

Area MT/V5

Answer 12

Perception of motion.

Lesions: motion blindness, attention focused on a single frame

Question 14

V4

Answer 14

Color, spatial frequency, and orientation (important for spatial vision).

Lesions = achromatopsia: contrast without hues (no perception of color)

Question 14

Inferior Parietal Lobule

Answer 14

Perception of emotions in facial stimuli, and interpretation of sensory information. Language, mathematical operations, and body image.

Divided into supra marginal gyrus and angular gyrus.

Question 15

Superior Parietal Lobule

Answer 15

Spatial orientation; receives visual input and sensory input.

Question 16

Temporal-Parietal Junction

Answer 16

Incorporates info from thalamus and limbic system, as well as from the visual, auditory, and somatosensory systems.

Composed of inferior parietal lobule and superior temporal sulcus.

Question 17

Inferior Temporal Cortex

Answer 17

Representation of complex object features, global shape. Recognizing visual stimuli and spatial awareness.

Question 18

Orbital Region of the PFC

Answer 18

(OFC) Role in emotional behavior, and inputs provide OFC with information about what is happening in the environment and what plans are being made by the rest of the frontal lobes.

Sensory integration, in representing the affective value of reinforcers, and indecision-making and expectation.

Receives direct inputs from the dorsomedial thalamus, temporal cortex, ventral tegmental area, olfactory system, and the amygdala.

Question 19

Dorsolateral Region of the PFC

Answer 19

(DLPFC) Tells brain how to interact with stimuli. Executive functions: working memory, cognitive flexibility, planning, inhibition, and abstract reasoning.

Question 20

Angular Gyrus

Answer 20

Processing of auditory and visual input and in the comprehension of language. (Part of the Inferior Parietal Lobule)

Question 21

Premotor Cortex

Answer 21

Involved with preparing and executing limb movements and coordinates with other regions to select appropriate movements (organizing movement sequences).

Question 22

Supplementary Motor Cortex

Answer 22

Involved with planning complex movements and in co-ordinating movements involving both hands.

Small region of the cortex that lies outside of the primary motor cortex but produces movements when stimulated.

Question 23

Insula

Answer 23

Gustatory and the auditory association cortices, regulate emotion and assists in motor control function.

The perception of pain is controlled to a limited degree by the insula, as is the feeling of having a full bladder.

Question 24

Basal Ganglia

Answer 24

(MOTOR) Feedback system of where you are in a motor plan, integrated feedback, motor function. Basal ganglia takes part in motor functions (sequencing of movements into a smoothly executed response), and supports stimulus-response (habit) learning. Group of large nuclei in the forebrain, including the caudate nucleus, putamen, globes pallidus, claustrum, and amygdala.

Question 25

Reticular Formation

Answer 25

(SENSORY) Survival-defensive; organize reflexive patterns using info from spinal cord. General arousal.

Question 26

Thalamus

Answer 26

Sensory relay station; cross modal association, integrating pieces of information from cortex (no motor impact). Largest structure in the diencephalon. Each nuclei projects to a specific area of cortex.

Question 27

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (Thalamus)

Answer 27

Receives visual projections

Question 28

Medial Geniculate Nucleus (Thalamus)

Answer 28

Receives auditory projections. Herschle’s gyrus in temporal lobe.

Question 29

Ventral Posterior Medial Nucleus (Thalamus)

Answer 29

Receive touch, pressure, pain, and temperature projections from the body.

Question 30

Posterior Lateral Nucleus (Thalamus)

Answer 30

Acts in concert with the pulvinar;

Question 31

Pulvinar (Thalamus)

Answer 31

Thalamic nucleus that receives projections from the visual cortex and superior colliculus and sends connections to the secondary and tertiary temporal and parietal cotex. (visual information and feedback)

Question 32

Dorsomedial Nucleus (Thalamus)

Answer 32

Thalamic nucleus providing a major afferent input to the prefrontal cortex; memory, attention , planning, organization

Question 34

Anterior Nucleus (Thalamus)

Answer 34

Modulation of alertness and are involved in learning and episodic memory. Considered to be part of the limbic system.

Question 34

Superior Colliculus

Answer 34

Nucleus of the tectum in the midbrain that receives visual projections and controls whole-body reflexes to visual stimuli. Eye movements to the periphery. receive projections from the retina of the eye and mediate many visually related behaviors. “upper hills"

Question 35

Reticular Nucleus (Thalamus)

Answer 35

Reticular cells are GABAergic, receives projections from globus pallid us, thought to play a part in disinhibition of thalamic cells (essential for initiation of movement).

Question 36

Inferior Colliculus

Answer 36

Nucleus of the tectum of the midbrain that receives auditory projections and takes part in whole-body orientation to auditory stimuli.

Question 37

Cerebellum

Answer 37

(motor) major structure of the hindbrain specialized for motor coordination. Gets feedback from every nerve in body; most organized part of the brain. Voluntary movement and balance (Constantly making postural adjustments to not fall over). \* Plays a role in coordinating and learning skilled movements. Receive impulses from vestibular system (for balance; sensory receptors in middle ear)

Question 38

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 38

respiration (heart rate and breathing). Part of the hindbrain immediately rostral to the spinal cord.

Question 39

Dorsal Horn of the Spinal Cord

Answer 39

sensory nerves enter spinal cord via dorsal horn.

Question 40

Ventral Horn of the Spinal Cord

Answer 40

motor nerves exit spinal cord via ventral horn

Question 41

Cranial Nerves Mnemonic for Names of Nerves

Answer 41

Oh Oh Oh! To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet. Such Heaven! Optic, Olfactory, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibularcochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Spinal Accessory, Hypoglossal

Question 42

Cranial Nerves Mnemonic for Sensory/Motor

Answer 42

Some Say Marry Monday But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More (Sensory, Sensory, Motor, Motor, Both, Motor, Both, Sensory, Both, Both, Motor, Motor)