Quiz 1 (Lectures 1-2) Flashcards

(57 cards)

1
Q

morrill act year

A

1862

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2
Q

The morrill act was signed into law by

A

abraham lincoln

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3
Q

purpose of the morrill act

A

grant federal land money to each state to establish colleges - make college education available to general public

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4
Q

hatch act year

A

1887

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5
Q

hatch act purpose

A

establish agricultural experiment stations at each land grant college to improve scientific research in agriculture and engineering

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6
Q

context of the hatch act

A

civil war- wanted to rebuild the country

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7
Q

smith-lever act year

A

1914

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8
Q

purpose of smith-lever act

A

established cooperative extension service with offices in every county

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9
Q

purpose of extension offices

A

educational programs depending on needs of the county

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10
Q

second morrill act year

A

1890

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11
Q

second morrill act purpose

A

conferred land grant status to 20 HBCUS

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12
Q

elementary and secondary education reauthorization act year

A

1994

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13
Q

elementary and secondary education reauthorization act purpose

A

confer land grant status to 30 native american colleges that make up the american indian higher education consortium

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14
Q

what distinguishes land grant universities?

A

continuing education extension programs, experiment stations and research centers

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15
Q

who lobbied to make sure rutgers was a land grant university

A

george hammel cook

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16
Q

what was gh cook a professor of

A

NOT ANIMAL SCIENCE chemistry and natural sciences

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17
Q

animal products include:

A

clothing, food, service, and work

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18
Q

In the US, animal products provide:

A

33% of cals, 67% of protein

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19
Q

in world, animal products provide:

A

16% of cals, 35% of proteins

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20
Q

three food animal products

A

eggs, meat, milk, and dairy products

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21
Q

why did egg production dip in 2015

A

avian flu

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22
Q

what breed of chicken produces most eggs

A

leghorn - 300 eggs per year, very consistent

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23
Q

top states for egg production

24
Q

where do most eggs go?

A

56% to table consumption, 32% for processing, rest for institutions and export

25
poultry meats
chicken & turkey
26
diet of poultry
corn, soybean meal (nonruminants)
27
broiler age at slaughter
6-8 weeks depending on breed
28
age of turkeys at slaughter
usually six months; almost entirely in november
29
when did per capita chicken consumption finally exceed beef consumption?
~1990
30
when was chicken bred for meat?
1940s- previously a byproduct of egg production
31
what happened to poultry in the 50s/60s?
vertical integration
32
vertical integration:
single company being involved in every process, stabilizing rapidly changing relationships between inputs, production, and marketing segments
33
benefits of vertical integration in the poultry industry
fewer worker hours due to improved tech, larger flock sizes reduction in feed (genetics and nutrition) better health programs for welfare of birds able to go to market at any time of year
34
pig diet
nonruminants: corn and soybean meal (same as poultry)
35
How long are pigs alive before being sent to the packing plant?
6 months
36
average litter size
12 piglets
37
diet of beef cattle
ruminants: time grazing pasture
38
parts of the beef industry
1: cow/calf operations 2: stocker/yearling 3: feedlots/finishing 4: packing plant <3
39
Why can cattle inventory go down but beef pounds continue to go up?
more lbs per cattlehead than ever before (genetics)
40
lamb/mutton diet
forage/pasture AND grain (corn soybean meal) CONSIDERED SMALL RUMINANTS
41
when are lamb harvested
6-8 weeks for spring religious holidays 6-10 months at any other time
42
when are mutton harvested
may be several years old
43
biological production cycle of beef, pork, poultry
beef: 24 months pork: 10 months poultry: 4-5 months
44
genetics base of beef, pork, poultry
beef: wide and widening pork: moderately wide but narrowing poultry: narrow
45
who has the most incentive for vertical integration? why?
poultry has the highest incentive since everything is happening quickly- they need to be able to adapt to things like avian flu etc
46
Why is vertical integration such a good method for brands/farms?
value-added retail proudcts, name brands, new product marketing
47
dairy product classification:
class 1: fluid class 2: manufactured
48
where is the milk and dairy industry concentrated
great lakes, new england, southeast through california
49
milk composition (whole milk)
88% water, 4.8% lactose, 3.3% protein, 3.8% fat, 0.1% ash/minerals
50
What is the future of animal science departments?
less species-specific units, less focus on agriculture, more focus on agro-tourism, companion animals, research, and translation to human health
51
How will ever increasing needs for food be met?
biotechnology and technology in general to improve industry
52
effects of genomics
improved livestock breeds, faster breeding decisions, quality and trait certification
53
examples of transgenic animals
enviropig. transgenic goats, transgenic cows
54
enviropig
digests plant phosphorus more efficiently, reduces environmental phosphorous
55
transgenic goats
produce spider silk in their milk (used to make bullet proof vests)
56
transgenic cows
produce more casein in milk which increases health for offspring and cheese yield
57
Who led AI in NJ/US
Enos J Perry (Father of Artificial Insemination in US)