quiz #1 - lectures 1-3

Question 1

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being; not merely the absence of disease

Answer 1

health

illness = deviation from health

Question 2

abnormal function of anatomical structures or systems

Answer 2

disease

disorder = disruption of body functions (used interchangeably with disease)

Question 3

a group of signs & symptoms that collectively indicate a particular condition

Answer 3

syndrome

Question 4

the development & progression of a disease

Answer 4

pathogenesis

etiology: cause of disease
prognosis: predicted outcome of a disease

Question 5

disease present at birth

Answer 5

congenital

traumatic: due to physical injury (sprains, strains, fractures)
genetic: due to abnormal genes (down syndrome)

Question 6

inappropriate immune response attacking own tissues (e.g., RA, lupus)

Answer 6

autoimmune

deficiency: due to lack of essential nutrients (scurvy - vit C, rickets - vit D)

Question 7

remission vs exacerbation

Answer 7

remission: Sx ↓ or disappear

exacerbation: worsening Sx

Question 8

due to imbalances in metabolism or hormone levels (hypothyroid, Cushing’s)

Answer 8

metabolic

Question 9

caused by pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, prions

Answer 9

infectious

Question 10

sudden onset, short duration (<2 weeks)

Answer 10

acute

chronic: gradual onset, long duration (>3 months)
subacute: between acute & chronic (2-4 weeks)
insidious: no known time of onset, slow build

Question 11

sign vs symptom

Answer 11

signs: objective findings observed by others (redness, swelling)

symptoms: subjective experiences felt by patient (pain, nausea)

Question 12

protective immune response to cellular injury from: trauma, infection etc.

Answer 12

inflammation

Question 13

local signs of inflammation

Answer 13

redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function

systemic signs: fever, fatigue, body aches

Question 14

where the pathogen lives

Answer 14

reservoir

Question 15

portal of exit

Answer 15

how it leaves reservoir (mouth, nose)

portal of entry: how it enters new host

Question 16

mode of transmission

Answer 16

contact (touch) - gloves
vehicle (food, air, water) - masks, cover mouth
vector (insects/animals) - postpone tx

Question 17

time from exposure to symptom onset

Answer 17

incubation period

prodromal period: early, non-specific sx from immune respone

Question 18

local increase in disease

Answer 18

outbreak

Question 19

disease common/ occurs regularly in specific areas, regions or populations

Answer 19

endemic

Question 20

rapid local spread of disease

Answer 20

epidemic

Question 21

global or multi-region epidemic

Answer 21

pandemic

Question 22

of people with the disease

Answer 22

morbidity rate

mortality rate: # of deaths from disease

Question 23

number of new cases over time

Answer 23

incidence

prevalence: total # of cases at one time

Question 24

SOAP notes

Answer 24

S: Subjective - Interview info, client statements

O: Objective - Physical findings, tests, observations

A: Assessment - Clinical impression of what’s being treated

P: Plan - Today’s tx, home care, referrals, follow-up

Question 25

standard precautions

Answer 25

disinfection, sterilization, sanitation handwashing: min 20 sec, hands below elbows PPE: use based on transmission mode (e.g., masks for airborne)

Question 26

(Salbutamol) open airways side effects: jitteriness, insomnia

Answer 26

bronchodilators

Question 27

(Benadryl, Claritin) reduce allergy symptoms side effects: drowsiness

Answer 27

antihistamines

Question 28

(dextromethorphan, codeine) suppress cough

Answer 28

antitussives

Question 29

(guaifenesin) promote mucus removal

Answer 29

expectorants

Question 30

(benzodiazepines) promote sleep side effects: sedation, dizziness

Answer 30

sedatives & hypnotics

Question 31

(SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, MAOIs) side effects: nausea, dry mouth, sedation

Answer 31

antidepressants

Question 32

(estrogen, progesterone, testosterone) risk: DVT, breast tenderness

Answer 32

hormone therapies

Question 33

study of drugs & their effects on the body

Answer 33

pharmacology pharmacotherapy = treating diseases with drugs pharmacokinetics: study of how a drug moves throughout the body

Question 34

a substance used to diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent disease

Answer 34

drug

Question 35

Mechanism of Action (MOA)

Answer 35

how a drug works

Question 36

therapeutic effect

Answer 36

intended benefit

Question 37

predictable but unwanted effects

Answer 37

side effects adverse effects = harmful, unexpected effects (allergy, overdose)

Question 38

pharmacokinetics (ADME)

Answer 38

absorption – how drug enters body distribution – how it spreads through body metabolism – how it’s broken down (usually liver) elimination – how it’s removed (urine, sweat, breath)

Question 39

dosage

Answer 39

how much of a drug is taken

Question 40

biological agent causing infectious disease

Answer 40

pathogen

Question 41

↓ nausea & vomiting (emesis), often with cancer tx

Answer 41

antiemetic drugs

Question 42

drug administration

Answer 42

oral inhalation injection transdermal (mucous membranes)