Quiz 1 Material Flashcards
(98 cards)
0
Q
Physiology
A
Science of body functions
1
Q
Anatomy
A
Study of body structure
2
Q
Homeostasis
A
Keeping the organ systems of the body in balance
3
Q
Pathology
A
Study of anatomical changes due to disease
4
Q
Levels of organization
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- Chemical 4. Organ
- Cellular 5. System
- Tissue. 6. Organism
5
Q
Cells
A
Basic structural and functional units of an organism
6
Q
Tissue
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Groups of cells that work together to perform similar functions
7
Q
4 basic types of tissues
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- Epithelium 3. Muscle
2. Connective 4. Nerves
8
Q
Organs
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Structures composed of two or more different types if tissue
9
Q
Organ system
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Consists of related organs with a common function
10
Q
Organism
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Collection of organ systems
11
Q
6 important life processes
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- Metabolism 4. Growth
- Responsiveness 5. Differentiation
- Movement 6. Reproduction
12
Q
Metabolism
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Sum of all the catabolic and anabolic chemical processes that occur in the body
13
Q
Responsiveness
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Body’s ability to detect and respond to change which might represent an opportunity or threat
14
Q
Movement
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Any motion
15
Q
Growth
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Increase in body size due to an increase in existing cells, number of cells or both
16
Q
pH of blood
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7.35-7.45
17
Q
Blood glucose levels
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70-110 mg of glucose/dL of blood
18
Q
Control of homeostasis is constantly challenged by:
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- Physical insults
- Changes in the internal environment
- Physiological stress
19
Q
3 basic components of feedback system
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- Receptor
- Control center
- Effector
20
Q
Receptor
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Body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends input to the control center
21
Q
Integumentary system
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Skin related structures
hair, nails, and glands
22
Q
Skeletal system
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Bones and joints
23
Q
Muscular system
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Named skeletal muscles, as well as smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
24
Nervous system
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs
25
Endocrine system
Hormone producing cells and glands scattered throughout the body; regulates body by releasing hormones into the blood
26
Cardiovascular system
Heart, blood, and blood vessels
27
Lymphatic system and Immunity
Lymphatic fluid, lymph nodes, lymphocytes, and other associated organs of the immune system, like tonsils, spleen, and thymus gland
28
Respiratory system
Consists of upper airways, trachea and major bronchi, and the lungs
29
Digestive system
Stomach, esophagus, stomach and intestines, and the accessory digestive glands like the salivary glands, liver and gallbladder
30
Urinary system
Kidneys, ureters, urethra, and bladder
31
Reproductive system
Ovaries, uterus, and vagina in females
| Testes, and penis in the male
32
Prone
Face down
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Supine
Face up
34
Superior
Above, toward head
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Inferior
Below, away from head
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Anterior
Toward the front
37
Posterior
Toward the back
38
Caudad
Toward the tail
39
Cephalad
Toward the head
40
Medial
Toward the midline
41
Lateral
Away from midline
42
Proximal
Nearest to the point of origination
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Distal
Farthest from origination
44
Ipsilateral
Same side of the body
45
Contralateral
Opposite sides of the body
46
Superficial
Towards the surface
47
Deep
Towards the core of the body
48
Visceral
Pertaining to a covering over an organ
49
Parietal
Covering against a cavity wall
50
Body planes
Imaginary flat surfaces that separate the body or body part into portions
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3 major planes
1. Sagittal (midline)
2. Transverse (horizontal)
3. Frontal (coronal)
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Sagittal planes
Right and left sides
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Frontal plane
Anterior and posterior portions
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Transverse planes
Superior and inferior portions
55
Dorsal cavity
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Cranial cavity (protects brain)
Vertebral cavity (protects spinal cord)
```
56
Meninges
Layers of protective tissue that line the dorsal cavity and vertebral cavity
57
Thoracic cavity
Formed by sternum, ribs, and the thoracic portion of the bony vertebral column
58
3 subdivisions of thoracic cavity
1. Mediastinum
2. Pleural cavity
3. Pericardial cavity
59
Pleural cavity
Two fluid filled spaces that surround each lung
60
Pericardial cavity
Fluid filled space that surrounds the heart
61
Diaphragm
Skeletal muscle that divides the thorax from the abdomen
62
Abdominopelvic cavity
Extends from the diaphragm to the groin
63
Abdominal cavity
Contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and colon
64
Pelvic cavity
Contains urinary bladder, reproductive system, and portions of colon
65
Serous membrane
Thin, slippery, double layered membranes that line the thoracic and abdominal cavity
66
Visceral layer
Covers organs
67
Parietal layer
Outer
68
Pleural membranes
Covers the lungs and the walls of the pleural cavity
69
Pericardial membrane
Covers the heart and the pericardial cavity walls
70
Peritoneal membrane
Covers the abdominal organs and the abdominal cavity walls
71
RUQ
Liver
72
LUQ
Spleen and left kidney
73
RLQ
Appendix
74
LLQ
Left ovary
75
9 Abdominopelvic regions
1. Right hypochondriac region 6. Hypogastric region
2. Right lumbar region 7. Left hypochondriac region
3. Right inguinal region 8. Left lumbar region
4. Epigastric region 9. Left inguinal region
5. Umbilical region
76
Chemistry
Study of matter
77
Chemical elements
Substances that cannot be split into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means
78
Chemical symbols
A letter abbreviation given to elements
79
Trace elements
Elements in our bodies present in tiny amounts
80
Element
A quantity of matter composed of atoms of the same type
81
Neutral atom
Contains the same number of protons and electrons
82
Protons
Large, positively charged particles
83
Atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus
84
Neutrons
The second large particle that make up the nucleus of atoms
Have no charge
85
Isotopes
Formed when the number of neutrons change
86
Mass number
Sum of proteins and neutrons ( always a while number)
87
Atomic mass
Average mass of all naturally occurring isotopes
88
Ions
Atoms that have given up or gained an electron in their outer electron shell
89
Electrolytes
Molecule that dissociates in water to form individual ions
90
Compounds
Substances whose molecules have more than one kind of atom
91
Chemical bonds
What hold together the atom of a molecule by forces of attraction
92
Ionic bonds
Form when an atom loses or gains an electron
93
Cations
Positively charged ions that have given up one or more electron
94
Anions
Negatively charged ions that have picked up one or more electrons that another atom has lost
95
Covalent bonds
Formed by the atoms of molecules sharing one, two, or three pairs of their outermost electrons
96
Hydrogen bonds
Weak interactions between hydrogen and adjacent atoms
97
Catalysts
Chemical compounds that speed up chemical reactions
