Quiz 1 -Midterm Lecture Material

Question 1

True/False: The mamillary process is located more caudally; whereas, the accessory process is associated with the cranial aspect of the vertebrae.

Answer 1

False: Mamillary is more cranial and accesssory is more caudal.

Question 2

True/False: the lateral vertebral foramen allows passage for the vertebral artery and vein.

Answer 2

False: the lateral vertebral foramen allows passage for the first spinal nerves. The transverse foramen allows passage for the vertebral artery and vein.

Question 3

True/ False: The articular processes of the Atlas are located only on the cranial aspect.

Answer 3

False: Articular processes are located only along the caudal end of the axis.

Question 4

Which vertebrae have modified transverse processes known as bifid transverse processes that allow for better muscle attachment?

A) C3-5
B) C2-4
C) T1-3
D)L1-3

Answer 4

A) C3-5

Question 5

Which vertebrae is sled-like in nature which allows for protection and stabilization of the trachea, esophagus, and other tubular structures as they pass the thoracic inlet.

A)C5
B)C6
C) C7
D) T1

Answer 5

B) C6

Question 6

True/ False: The cervical vertebrae in cats have longer bodies which allows for increased flexion of the neck.

Answer 6

False: The bodies of cervical vertebrae of cats are shorter; however the bodies or the thoracic vertebrae are longer, allowing for greater flexion in the thoracic region.

Question 7

The spinous processes of T1-9/10 run _____ and are ______. Whereas the spinous processes of T 10/11-T13 run _____ and are _____.

A) Caudo-dorsally, taller, cranio-dorsally, shorter.
B) Cranio-dorsally, shorter, Caudo-dorsally, taller
C) Caudo-dorsallly, taller, cranio-dorsally, shorter
D) Caudo-dorsally, shorter, caudo-dorsally, shorter.

Answer 7

C) caudo-dorsally, taller, cranio-dorsally, shorter

Question 8

The head of the rib articulates with the _____ and the tubercle of the rib articulates with the ______.

A) Transverse fovea, cranial articular surface
B) Cranial articular surface, transverse fovea
C) Transverse fovea, caudal articular surface
D) Transverse fovea, cranial costal fovea

Answer 8

D) Transverse fovea, cranial costal fovea

Question 9

Any muscles that pull the ribs backward are known as muscles of _____, whereas; any muscles that pull the ribs forward are known as muscles of _____.

A) inspiration, expiration
B) expiration, inspiration
C) hypaxial, epaxial
D) epaxial, hypaxial

Answer 9

B) expiration, inspiration

Question 10

True/ False: The lumbar vertebrae have more developed transverse processes that extend cranio-laterally and have longer bodies in comparison to the thoracic vertebrae.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

The coccygeal vertebrae bear vertebral foramina up until ____ and Hemal arches up until the ___ cdV.

A) 6, 5
B) 5, 4
C) 4, 5
D) 5,6

Answer 11

B) 5, 4

Question 12

Which of the following joints associated with the vertebrae is not an example of a synovial joint?

A) Atlanto-occipital joint
B) Atlanto-axial joint
C) joints between vertebral bodies (after C2)
D) Articulation with the ribs

Answer 12

C) joints between the vertebral bodies (C2 and onward)

Question 13

True/ False: The inner portion of the intervertebral disc is made up of fibrous tissue and is known as the nucleus pulposus.

Answer 13

False: The inner layer (nucleus pulposus is gelatinous in nature and contains loose fibers suspended in a mucoprotein gel.). The outermost part is known as the annulus fibrosus.

Question 14

Which of the following ligaments attaches the dens of the axis to the fovea dentis (floor of the atlas)?

A) Transverse ligament of the Atlas
B) Dorso Atlanto-Axial ligament
C) Lateral Atlanto-occipital ligament
D) Alar ligament

Answer 14

A) Transverse ligament of the Atlas

Question 15

True/ Fase: The head of the rib articulates with the transverse fovea; whereas, the tubercle of the rib articulates with the costal fovea.

Answer 15

False: The head of the rib articulates with the costal fovea and the tubercle of the rib articulates with the transverse fovea.

Question 16

Which of the following ligaments prevents upward deviation or herniation of the intervertebral disc?

A) dorsal costotransverse ligament
B) Radiating head ligament
C) intercapital ligament
D) Interspinous ligament

Answer 16

C) intercapital ligament

Question 17

The ligament which articulates with the floor of the neural canal is:

A) dorsal costotransverse ligament
B) dorsal longitudinal ligament
C) Intercapital ligament
D) Ventral longitudinal ligament

Answer 17

B) dorsal longitudinal ligament

Question 18

True/False: the lligament that runs between the vertebral arches is known as the interspinous ligament.

Answer 18

False: Known as the interarcuate or yellow ligament. The interspinous ligament runs between the spinous processes of the vertebrae.

Question 19

True/ False: the unchallenged ligament, a continuation of the supraspinous ligament is not present in cats and is less developed in horses and some ruminants.

Answer 19

False: More developed in horses and some ruminants. (Otherwise true)

Question 20

Which of the following is not considered to be one of the epaxial muscles:

A) Longus coli
B) Iliocostalis
C) Longissimus
D) Transversospinalis

Answer 20

A) Longus coli

Question 21

True/ False: The action of the epaxial muscles is to extend the spine as well and aid in lateral movements.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

True/False: the median sacral crest Is palpable.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

The distinct feature of the sacrum which can be used to measure the size of the birth canal in animals is known as the:

A) Pelvic crest
B) Pubic symphysis
C) Promontory
D) Pelvic sacral foramina

Answer 23

C) Promontory (transverse ridge on ventral aspect of sacrum).

Question 24

True/False: the cranial ribs have less space between the tubercle and head of the ribs; whereas, the caudal ribs have more space.

Answer 24

False, as you move cranio-caudally, there is less space between the tubercle and head of the rib.

Question 25

True/ False: Only the last 3 ribs are asternal and do not directly connect to the sternum.

Answer 25

False: the last 4 ribs (including floating rib) are asternal.

Question 26

True/False: Costal cartilages provide connections between the ribs and the sternebrae.

Answer 26

False: they connect the ribs to the intersternebral cartilages...not directly to the bone.

Question 27

The only bone of the facial bones that is unpaired is the : A) Basihyoid bone B) Pre-sphenoid bone C) Pterygoid D) Vomer

Answer 27

D) Vomer

Question 28

Which of the following is not one of the sinuses in cats: A) paranasal sinuses B) sphenoid sinuses C) palatine sinuses D) maxillary recess

Answer 28

C) palatine sinuses

Question 29

Which of the following is not an anatomical feature of the occipital bone? A) Basiocciptal bone B) Exoccipital C) Supraoccipital/ Squamous part D) Maxioccipital

Answer 29

D) Maxioccipital

Question 30

Which of the following is not an anatomical feature of the parietal bones? A) Temporal fossa B) External Sagittal crest C) Frontal process D) Tentorial process

Answer 30

C) frontal process

Question 31

True/False: The temporal part of the frontal bone has only few subcutaneous muscles that cover the bone.

Answer 31

False: The frontal squama is the area in which on few subcutaneous muscles and skin are present.

Question 32

True/ False: Of the sphenoid complex, the basisphenoid bone contains the optic canal which allows for passage of the optic nerves.

Answer 32

False: Presphenoid bone contains the optic canal.

Question 33

True/False: The sphenoid sinus in dogs contains mostly conchae; whereas the sphenoid sinus is a free sinus in cats.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

True/ False: The pituitary glands lies ontop on the hypophyseal fossa of the basisphenoid bone.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Which of the following is not an anatomical feature of the temporal bone? A) Petrosal and Squamous parts B) Optic canal C) External acoustic meatus D) Zygomatic process

Answer 35

B) Optic canal

Question 36

True/False: The area of the internal acoustic meatus allows for passage of the trigeminal nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve and facial nerve.

Answer 36

False: only the vestibulocochlear and facial nerves.

Question 37

True/False: The mandibular foramen allows for passage of the internal carotid artery which supplies the majority of blood to the brain.

Answer 37

False: Foramina lace rum of the temporal bone.

Question 38

True/False: The cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone extends rostrally and aids in division of the nasal cavity along the nasal septum.

Answer 38

False: The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone extends rostrally, the cribiform plate lies most caudally and allows for passage of the olfactory nerves.

Question 39

Which of the following is not an anatomical feature of the nasal bone? A) Alveolar process B) Nasal process C) Septal process D) Ethmoidal process and fossa

Answer 39

A) Alveolar passage

Question 40

The two bones which contain alveolar processes and Interalveolar septa are the ____ and _____. A) Maxillary and palatine B) Incisive and palatine C) Palatine and nasal D) Incisive and Maxillary

Answer 40

D) Incisive and maxillary

Question 41

True/False: Two important features of the maxillary bone are the nasolacrimal canal and the infraorbital foramen.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

Which of the following is not an anatomical feature of the zygomatic bone: A) Zygomatic arch B) Temporal process C) Frontal process D) Zygomatic process

Answer 42

D) zygomatic process

Question 43

True/ False: Cats have an undivided frontal sinus and also have a longer orbital ligament than dogs.

Answer 43

False: Cats have a shorter orbital ligament.

Question 44

The only unpaired bone of the hyoid apparatus is the : A) Thyrohyoid B) Basihyoid C) Epihyoid D) Ceratohyoid

Answer 44

B) Basihyoid

Question 45

True/ False: The mandibular symphysis is similar to the pelvic symphysis and is a fibrocartilagenous joint.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

True/False: The Temporal-mandibular articulation is between the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone and the _____ of the mandible. A) Coronoid process B) Cuneiform process C) Condyloid process D) Mandibular notch

Answer 46

C) Condyloid process