Quiz 1 MP4

Question 1

_____ the body parts of organisms that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function

Answer 1

analogous structures

Question 2

_____ English scientist whose ideas were supported by fossil evidence

Answer 2

charles darwin

Question 3

_____ is a mechanism for change in populations

Answer 3

natural selection

Question 4

_____ individuals with either extreme of trait’s variation selected for

Answer 4

distruptive selection

Question 5

_____ the evolution of a new species

Answer 5

speciation

Question 6

_____ all of the alleles of the population’s genes

Answer 6

gene pool

Question 7

_____ provide a record of early life and evolutionary history

Answer 7

fossils

Question 8

_____ an adaptation that enables species to blend with their surroundings

Answer 8

camouflage

Question 9

_____ the gradual change in a species through adaptations over time

Answer 9

evolution

Question 10

_____ natural selection that favors the average individual in a population

Answer 10

stabilizing selection

Question 11

_____ is a structural adaptation that enables one species to resemble another species

Answer 11

mimicry

Question 12

_____ the grouping of objects or information based on similarities

Answer 12

classification

Question 13

_____ the branch of biology that groups and names organisms

Answer 13

taxonomy

Question 14

_____ structures with common evolutionary origins

Answer 14

homologous structures

Question 15

_____ occurs when natural selection favors one of the extreme variations of a trait

Answer 15

directional selection

Question 16

_____ adaptations in the appendages of organisms that better suit the organism’s chance of survival

Answer 16

structural adaptations

Question 17

_____ speciation occurs relatively quickly, in rapid bursts, with long periods of genetic equilibrium

Answer 17

punctuated equilibrium

Question 18

_____ is the idea that species originate through a gradual change in adaptations

Answer 18

gradualism

Question 19

_____ the evolution of a structure, behavior, or internal process that enables an organism to respond to environmental factors and live to produce offspring

Answer 19

adaptations

Question 20

_____ the ability of an organism, such as bacteria, plants, or animals, to withstand (stand up to, fight, combat, not be affected by) the effects of a harmful chemical agent. name examples

Answer 20

resistance
bacteria not dying to antibiotics, weeds not dying to a herbicide, bugs not dying to an insecticide

Question 21

_____ the pattern of evolution in which species that were once similar to an ancestor species become increasingly distinct/different

Answer 21

divergent evolution

Question 22

_____ the pattern of evolution in which distantly related organisms evolve similar traits and come together

Answer 22

convergent evolution

Question 23

list the levels of classification from the largest group (most broad) to smallest group (most specific)
how can you remember this?

Answer 23

kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
(kpcofgs: king pearson came over for golden strawberries)

Question 24

list the six kingdoms

Answer 24

animalia
plantae
fungi
protista
archaebacteria
eubacteria

Question 25

list 3-4 characteristics of the animalia kingdom

Answer 25

-heterotrophs -usually eukaryotic (multicellular) -mobile (can move) -no cell wall (extra: complex organ systems)

Question 26

list 3-4 characteristics of the plantae kingdom

Answer 26

-cell wall -chloroplast -most are autotrophs -stationary (extra: multicellular)

Question 27

list 3-4 characteristics of the fungi kingdom

Answer 27

-either unicellular or multicellular -eukaryotes -heterotrophs -stationary (extra: more than 50,000 known species)

Question 28

list 3-4 characteristics of the protista kingdom

Answer 28

-eukaryotic -live in most environments -some unicellular but most multicellular -lack complex organ systems (extra: protsists existed up to 2 billion years ago)

Question 29

list 3-4 characteristics of the archaebacteria kingdom

Answer 29

-microscopic -unicellular -lack nuclei bound by a membrane -several hundred species (extra: live in extreme environments)

Question 30

list 3-4 characteristics of the eubacteria kingdom

Answer 30

-prokaryotes -5000 species -very strong cell wall -less complex genetic make-up (extra: live in most habitats except for extreme ones inhabited by archaebacteria)

Question 31

define eukaryotes

Answer 31

unicellular or multicellular organisms, such as yeast, plants, and animals, composed of eukaryotic cells, which contain a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Question 32

define prokaryotes

Answer 32

unicellular organism, such as bacteria, which lack internal membrane-bound structures

Question 33

the following are examples of ____ adaptations: mimicry, camouflage

Answer 33

structural

Question 34

the following are examples of ____ adaptations: metablic processes (resistance)

Answer 34

physiological

Question 35

what are the 4 evidences of evolution used by scientists?

Answer 35

fossils studies of anatomy: homologous, analogous, and vestigial structures embryology biochemistry: DNA, uses of ATP, enzymes

Question 36

study gradualism and punctuated equilibrium

Answer 36

google

Question 37

when comparing the DNA between two organisms, they are **more** closely related the _____ substitutes there are to exist

Answer 37

fewer

Question 38

when comparing the DNA between two organisms, they are **less** closely related the _____ substitutes there are to exist

Answer 38

more

Question 39

when an organism moves **out of** a population there is a _____ in the gene pool

Answer 39

loss

Question 40

when an organism moves **into** a population there is an _____ in the gene pool

Answer 40

addition (a gain)

Question 41

_____ is all of the alleles of the population's genes

Answer 41

gene pool

Question 42

_____ is the percent of any specific allele in the gene pool

Answer 42

allelic frequency

Question 43

_____ is when scientists refer to a population in which the frequency of alleles stays the same over generations

Answer 43

genetic equilibrium

Question 44

t/f: populations evolve not individuals what does this mean?

Answer 44

true within a single organism's lifetime it **cannot** evolve a new phenotype by natural selection in response to its environment

Question 45

what will allow an organism to survive and reproduce would be because?

Answer 45

they have certain physical characteristics they lack certain physical characteristics they engage in certain behaviors