Quiz 1: Nutritional/Fluid Requirements and Stages of Development Flashcards
(54 cards)
1
Q
Pediatric calculations are based on what?
A
Weight -> always in kilograms** (2.2 lbs = 1 kg)
2
Q
Calorie Requirements: Infants 0-6 months
A
108 cal/kg/day
3
Q
Calorie Requirements: 6-12 months
A
98 cal/kg/day
4
Q
Calorie Requirements: 1-3 y/o
A
102 cal/kg/day
5
Q
Calorie Requirements: 4-6 y/o
A
90 cal/kg/day
6
Q
Calorie Requirements: 7-10 y/o
A
70 cal/kg/day
7
Q
Calorie Requirements: Males 11-14 y/o
A
55 cal/kg/day
8
Q
Calorie Requirements: Males 15-18 y/o
A
45 cal/kg/day
9
Q
Calorie Requirements: Females 11-14 y/o
A
47 cal/kg/day
10
Q
Calorie Requirements: Females 15-18 y/o
A
40 cal/kg/day
11
Q
Breakdown of Ages: Infant
A
Birth-1 year
12
Q
Breakdown of Ages: Toddler
A
1-2 years
13
Q
Breakdown of Ages: Preschooler
A
3-5 years
14
Q
Breakdown of Ages: Young school-age
A
6-7 years
15
Q
Breakdown of Ages: School-age
A
8-11 years
16
Q
Breakdown of Ages: Adolescent
A
12-18 years
17
Q
Fluid Maintenance Requirements: 100,50, 20 rule
A
- The first 10 kg you multiply by 100
- The second 10 kg you multiply by 50
- The remain kg you multiply by 20
- Add together → total fluid needed per day to maintain hydration
18
Q
Medication: Safe Doses
A
- Patient wt in kg
- Look at physician order
- Look at reliable drug book source for the safe dose
- The highest amount within the safe range is multiplied by pt wt.
- Make sure the physician order is less than the safe range calculated
19
Q
Medication Safe Doses: Per dose
A
No frequency needs to be calculated
20
Q
Medication Safe Doses: Per day
A
Just calculate the ordered frequency
21
Q
Safe doses have frequency recommendations
A
Need to figure out the day frequency from the safe dose by multiplying
22
Q
Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: Infancy (birth to 18 months)
A
Trust vs Mistrust
23
Q
What are important events that occur in infants according to Erickson’s Psychosocial stages?
A
Feeding
24
Q
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages: Trust vs Mistrust Outcome
A
- Children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability, care, and affection.
- A lack of this will lead to mistrust.
- Characterized by HOPE
25
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages: Trust vs. Mistrust Interventions
- Hold the infant
- Offer comfort after painful procedures
- Meet needs for food and hygiene
- Encourage parents to room in while hospitalized
26
Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: Early Childhood (2-3 years)
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
27
What important event occurs during early childhood according to Erikson’s Psychosocial stages?
Toilet training
28
Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Outcome
- Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and independence.
- Success=Autonomy
- Failure = Shame and doubt
- Characterized by WILL
29
Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Interventions
- Allow self feeding and choice
| - Encourage child to remove and put on clothes
30
Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: Preschool (3-5 years)
Initiative vs Guilt
31
What important event occurs in preschoolers (3-5 years) according to Erikson’s Psychosocial stages?
Exploration
32
Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: Initiative vs. Guilt Outcome
- Children needs to begin asserting control and power over the environment.
- Success = sense of purpose
- Exerting too much power leads to disapproval -> guilt
- Characterized by PURPOSE
33
Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: Initiative vs Guilt Interventions
- Offer medical equipment to play
| - Accept child’s choices/expression of feelings
34
Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: School Age (6-11)
Industry vs Inferiority
35
What important event occurs in school age children according to Erikson’s Psychosocial stages?
School
36
Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: Industry vs. Inferiority Outcome
- Children need to cope with new social and academic demands.
- Success = sense of competence
- Failure = feelings of inferiority
- Characterized by COMPETENCE
37
Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: Industry vs. Inferiority Interventions
- Encourage child to continue school work while hospitalized.
- Encourage child to bring favorite pastimes to hospital.
38
Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: Adolescence (12-18 years)
Identity vs. Role Confusion
39
What important events occur in adolescents according to Erikson’s Psychosocial stages?
Social Relationships
40
Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: Identity vs. Role Confusion Outcome
- Teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity.
- Success = ability to stay true to yourself
- Failure = role confusion and a weak sense of self
- Characterized by FAITH in self.
41
Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: Identity vs. Role Confusion Interventions
- Take health history and perform examinations w/o parents present
- Introduce adolescent to other teens with same condition
42
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development include
1. Sensorimotor Stage
2. Preoperational Stage
3. Concrete Operational Stage
4. Formal Operational Stage
43
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Sensorimotor Stage occurs at what ages?
Birth to 2 years
44
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Sensorimotor Stage Characteristics
The infant knows the world through their movements and sensations
45
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Sensorimotor Stage Developmental Stages
- Infants learn that things continue to exist even though they cannot be seen (object permanence).
- They are separate beings from the people and objects around them.
- They realize that their actions can cause things to happen in the world around them.
- Learning occurs through assimilation and accommodation.
46
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Preoperational Stage occurs at what ages?
2-7 years
47
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Preoperational Stage Characteristics
- Children begin to think symbolically and learn to use words and pictures to represent objects.
- They also tend to be very egocentric, and see things only from their point of view.
48
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Preoperational Stage Developmental Changes
- Egocentric and struggle to see things from the perspective of others.
- While they are getting better with language and thinking, they still tend to think about things in very concrete terms.
49
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Concrete Operational Stage occurs at what ages?
7-11 years
50
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Concrete Operational Stage Characteristics
During this stage, children begin to thinking logically about concrete events.
51
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Concrete Operational Stage Developmental Changes
- They begin to understand the concept of conservation (i.e the the amount of liquid in a short, wide cup is equal to that in a tall, skinny glass.)
- Thinking becomes more logical and organized, but still very concrete.
- Begin using inductive logic: specific information -> general principle.
52
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Formal Operational Stage occurs at what ages?
12 and up
53
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Formal Operational Stage Characteristics
At this stage, the adolescent or young adult begins to think abstractly and reason about hypothetical problems.
54
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Formal Operational Stage Developmental Changes
- Abstract thought emerges.
- Teens begin to think more about moral, philosophical, ethical, social, and political issues that require theoretical and abstract reasoning.
- Begin to use deductive logic: general principle -> specific information.
