Quiz 1 Review Flashcards
(33 cards)
linnaeus’ 7 levels of classification
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
domain
- before kingdom
- added later on
- 3 main domains (in order):
1) archae bacteria
2) eubacteria (mitochondria and chloroplasts)
3) eukaryotes
6 kingdoms
fungi, animalia, eubacteria, plantae, protista, arhcaebacteria
4 sub-phylums
myriapods, crustaeca, chelisurata, tribbites/hexapods
how many years ago was earth created?
roughly 4.5 billion years ago
when were fossils first found?
3.6 billion years ago (prokaryotes-trace fossils)
when were first eukaryotic fossils found?
1.2 billion years ago
cambrian explosion
- appearance of many major fossils (including antropoda)
- first fossils found of soft body animals
- growth of plants and insects (huge boom–symbiotic relationship?)
when do first terrestrial arthopods first appear?
- 400 million years ago in the devonian period
- 1st animal to fly were insects also 400 million yrs ago
classification of insects
animalia
anthropoda
insecta
triasic
jurasic
why did insects leave the water?
- predators
- more food options on land
exoskeletons
Benefits:
- help push water out when in water
- help keep water in when on land
- maintains salinity
protection from predators
- firm substrate for muscle attachment
Cons:
-limits growth
- moulting = vulnerability
- heavy (no buoyancy)
Affects from sea to land:
- gravity
- energy
- size
- water rich environment to water poor environment (must keep gametes moist by getting water from food)
hymenoptera
insects with membranous wings
- ex. bees, wasps, butterflies
- ex. of poisonous monarchs
homopherons
- have thickened upper portion of wing and piercing/sucking mouth parts
- stab plants to find muscular tissue and suck out phylum for food (carbs)
- get water from xylum
holometabolous
- full metamorphisis
- go from egg->larva/maggot->intermediate stage in pupa->adult
- less competition between youth and adults
- imaginal discs (2 beings in 1)
hemimetabolous
- start as mini-versions of adults
- usually nymphs who become adults only when wings are grown or they leave water
- grows by instars (balloon filled with lymph where liquid is pulled out and then hardens into wings)
- competition = limited population growth
body configuration
head:
- central nervous system control
- ingesting surface
- mandable chomp, maxilia slice
- ocellus is senory between eyes that informs insects (like grasshoppers) of seasonality, reproduction time, etc.
- compound eyes
thorax:
- palps found on legs act as chemorecptors for food compounds and mechanoreceptors for lead and other environmental triggers
- 2 pairs of wings (flight and haultier)
- pivot points act as ball and socket
abdomen:
- all other biological processes
- reproduction = max number of gametes for better investment
- changes size (especially when female has more eggs)
mouths
mosquito:
- chemo receptors that tell them where CO2 is located and then they go at it (use anticoagulent and analgestic)
horse flies:
- steak knife
- slurp through surface tension
house flies:
- use tongue to touch surface area
different types:
- piercing/sucking (true bugs, mosquitos, etc)
- sponging surface liquids (flies)
- stabbing and slurping (horse flies)
- siphoning (butterflies/moths)
anteni
some insects increase surface area for more space for receptors
respiration
spiracle respiration:
- insects and non-active spiders
- holes throughout body on tracheae system that take in oxygen from outside and circulate it through the system
book lung:
- active spiders
- oxygen is next to “goo”
spiders vs inscets
insects:
- 3 body segments
- 3 pairs of legs
- 0/2/4 wings
- eyes:
- compoud (2)
- simple (1-3)
- anteni: 2
- mouth parts: chewing, spongingm piercing, siphoning
- respiration: spiracle
spiders:
- 2 body segments (cephalathorax, abdomen)
- 4 pairs of legs
- 0 wings
- simple eyes (6-8)
- hallow fang mouths
- book lung or spiracle
most abundant insects
beetles (40%), bees/wasps (30%), flies (12%), moths (16%)
all are holometabolous)
least abundant insects
true bugs (11%), grasshoppers (4%), dragonflies/damselflies (<1.0%)
what biological aspects lead to high diversity
- different body types
- process of metamorphosis
- different mouth types
- time
- size
- lot of eggs = more population = less chance of extinction (less chance of stochastic extinction)
- short generation time
- better at adapting to habitat (diapause)
- limited dispersal
