quiz 1 - up to Eastern Europe Flashcards
(136 cards)
1
Q
ethnomusicology
A
study of how music is related to its culture
2
Q
Isicathamiya
A
- soloist + group
- acapella
- call and response
- Zulu + English
3
Q
Accordion Jive
A
upbeat instrumental drum music
4
Q
pitch
A
the quality of a note that distinguishes a high from a low
5
Q
frequency
A
of sound wave per minute
6
Q
hertz
A
measures frequency
7
Q
melody
A
variation in pitch along with rhythm
8
Q
harmony
A
playing different pitches simultaneously
9
Q
octave (interval)
A
maintaining a fixed distance in pitch
10
Q
tuning system
A
the method determining which frequencies will be represented on an instrument
11
Q
12-tone equal temperment
A
the tuning system standardized in the Americas and Europe
12
Q
tonic/tonal center
A
one pitch in the octave with special significance, “home base pitch”
13
Q
tonality
A
a melody revolves around a pitch
14
Q
diatonic
A
- using only 7 of the 12 pitches available
- represented in one form by the white keys on the piano
15
Q
mode
A
arrange pitches of the mode in ascending/descending order in in octave to start and end on the tonic
16
Q
motive
A
melodic fragment
17
Q
keys
A
different minor scales
18
Q
contour
A
a general direction/shape of a melody over time
19
Q
melodic motion
A
intervals between adjacent notes in the melody define steepness of contour
20
Q
conjunct motion
A
melodies with small intervals between adjacent notes
21
Q
disjunct motion
A
melodies with large intervals between notes
22
Q
range
A
the difference between the highest and lowest notes of a melody
23
Q
tessitura
A
where the melody lies in relation to the range of the singer or instrument
24
Q
cadences
A
points of momentary rest or arrival
25
phrase
the section of the melody from one cadence to another
26
trill
rapid alteration between two adjacent notes
27
ornament
small changes in pitch or loudness that didn't change the overall character of the melody
28
motive
a short melodic fragment that is repeated at certain points
29
structure/form
very largest level of musical architecture
30
strophic
verses that repeats a group of melodic phrases over and over but with different words
31
refrain
repeating a section with the same words
32
transposition
playing a melody at a different pitch level
33
rhythm
describes how music is organized in time
34
beat
regular division of time
35
nonpulsatile
timing of notes cannot be interpreted as falling into a periodic pattern
36
quasi-pulsatile
notes at more or less the same length follow each other but the rhythm is so free it is hard to pin down a constant beat
37
tempo
rate at which the beat passes
38
accelerando
gradual speed up of tempo
39
ritardando
gradual slowdown of tempo
40
meter
a division/grouping of beats into distinct levels of the passage of time
41
triple meter
a meter in which beats are grouped in 3s
42
duple meter
a meter in which beats are grouped in 2s
43
simple meter
a meter in which the beat is divided into 2
44
compound meter
a meter in which the beat is divided into 3
45
syncopation
rhythm in between/off the beat
46
accent
emphasize normally unstressed beats by playing them loudly
47
crescendo
gradual increase in loudness
48
decrescendo
gradual decrease in loudness
49
texture
- the musical characteristic that describes the roles and distributions of various melodies
- monophonic, homophonic, polyphonic, or heterophonic
50
monophonic
same melody, one layer
51
homophonic
- same rhythm
- melody + accompaniment
52
polyphonic
multiple independent rhythms that have equal focus
53
heterophonic
- same melody happening simultaneously
- slight variations
54
drone
long constant pitch
55
timbre
the quality of an instruments sound that distinguishes instruments/voices
56
resonators
hollow chambers
57
sympathetic vibration
something untouched vibrates
58
resonant frequency
frequency of a string
59
chordophone
a vibrating string
60
aerophone
a column of air within the instrument makes the sound
61
membranophone
a membrane stretched over a resonator makes the sound
62
idiophone
- struck
- the whole instrument vibrates to make the sound
63
vibrato
small changes in pitch
64
zither
chordophone with strings parallel to the resonator
65
tube and curved board zither
strings attached around the outside of a tube that serves as the resonator
66
lutes
aerophone, the strings are parallel to the body with a resonator at one end
67
lyres
chordophone, strings are attached to a crossbar held up by 2 posts with a resonator at the bottom
68
harp
chordophone, the strings are perpendicular to a resonator
69
flutes
aerophone, a stream of air is focused on a sharp edge
70
ostinato
repetition
71
atoke
time keeping bell
72
sub-Saharan African music qualities
- participatory
- polyrhythmic
- background shimmer
- atoke (timekeeping bell)
- call and response
73
tonal in African music
words may have different meanings depending on how they are spoken
74
talking drum
imitates the rhythm and most common pitch levels of speech
75
elbow stick
2 sticks attached so the drummer can stand behind the drum
76
musical bow
a single string attached to 2 ends of a curved stick
77
atsimewu
lead drummer, plays large drum
78
Jali
specialized caste of drummers who plays the kora
79
kora
jali instrument, large chordophone, hybrid harp-lute, 21 strings
80
mbira
rows of metal tines stretched over a series of bars so the ends can be plucked
81
kushaura
lead mbira player
82
yodeling
quick jumps between vibrational modes in the vocal chords
83
vocables
no meanings
84
mbube
improvised folk sung by acappella groups
85
pennywhistle jive
homemade bands of cheap pennywhistles and one-string basses
86
atsia suite qualities
- polyphonic texture
- structure: short repeating patterns
- call and response
- timbre: raspy, medium tessiture (range)
87
Yundum NKO qualities
- change of pace
- Jali/Kora
- story
- ostinato
- polyrhythm
-medium tessitura
88
Gumboot dancing qualities
- body percussion
- chanting
- dance
- cohesion
89
melisma
melodies with many notes to a syllable
90
Islamic/Arabic music theory
- Acappella
- non-participatory
- heterophonic instrumental
- melisma
- non-pulsatile
- chordophones
91
Zurna
- aerophone
- circular breathing
- nasal
92
takht
ensemble of about 5 that plays an Arabic suite heterophonicly
93
Oud
chordophone like guitar
94
taqism
improvised, different pitches
95
elements of middle eastern music
- elaborate melodies/melismas
- maqam (quarter tone) scale
- improvisation
- heterophony
- rhythms based on beat patterns
96
quarter tones
- intervals that lie between tones on a western piano
- modes have a wide variety of scales
97
ghawazi
Egyptian women who dance for entertainment
98
qira'ah/tilawah
chanting of Qur'an verses
99
adhan
call to prayer, nonpulsatile, melismas
100
mu'adhdhin
singers of adhan
101
dervishes
dancers who whirl around to achieve spiritual union
102
'ud
- plucked chordophone
- most important middle eastern instrument
103
tanbur
long-necked chordophone
104
zagharit
folk practice of women of africa
105
maqam scale
scale with melodies that change up/down by a quarter step
106
tetrachords
- segments of 4 notes
- makes up Maqam scale
107
modulation
temporary shifts to a related maqam
108
maqsum
- iqa' rhythmic pattern, quadruple
- drumming syllables, vocables
109
suite
the classical expression of the traditional urban Arabic performance
110
firqa
Arabic ensemble of 20 or more musicians
111
dastgah
has a characterisitc heptatonic scale called the maye
112
reng
Iranian ensemble music in a dance rhythm
113
levites
Jewish caste of professional musicians
114
shofar
a ram's horn trumpet used as a ritual instrument
115
canor
a single singer that performs most cantillation (biblical chants) in public services
116
klezmer
- Jewish folk musicians
- participatory
- improvisation
- nonpulsatile
117
taqsim
nonpulsatile, usually solo improvisations
118
general timbre of eastern europe
bright
119
socialist realism
government policy to preserve the culture, in a realistic/representatory way
120
professional folk ensembles
hired to play the music in the way the government promotes
121
Asymmetrical meter
- simple + compound meter
- beats quickly change duration
- influenced by words/language
122
gusle
oldest European instrument played by a guslar
123
guslar
- plays the gusle
- tells a story, glorifies a hero
124
Eastern European music qualities
- bright/brassy timbre
- socialist realism
- epic songs
- asymmetrical meter
- dance rhythms
- ensembles
- strophic
125
Eastern European music qualities
- bright/brassy timbre
- socialist realism
- epic songs
- asymmetrical meter
- dance rhythms
- ensembles
- strophic
126
guslar qualities
- melisma
- nonpulsatile
- brassy/loud
- heterophonic
- nonparticipatory
- storytelling
127
Romani music qualities
- Acappella
- portable instruments
- syncretic
- vocables
128
syncretic
a culture that draws from many cultures
129
Bulgarian music
- loud/bright timbre
- homophonic
- professional folk/conductor
- socialist realism
130
isorhythms
rhythms repeat even as the melody notes change
131
epic songs
- filled with sinuous ornaments
- sliding through semitones with a very narrow range
- typically just 4 scale steps
132
duma
epic songs of Ukraine
133
rubato
expressive changing/stretching of tempos
134
tempo guisto
- strict tempo
- emphasizes repetitive dance rhythms
135
cimbalom
- hammered zither
- standard instrument in urban Hungarian homes
136
Szaibogo
- Romanian folk songs
- mouth bass
- vocables
- highly rhythmic song
