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BPT02 Research and Evidence in Physiotherapy > Quiz > Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the acronym PICO stand for?

A

P: Population and Problem
I: Intervention
C: Comparison or Control
O: Outcome

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2
Q

Name the 3 key characteristics in quantitative research

A
  • Process is deductible
  • Data is numeric
  • Pre-specified methods are used
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3
Q

Name the 4 key objectives of quantitative research

A
  • To predict
  • To compare
  • To describe
  • To evaluate
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4
Q

What does the acronym SPIDER stand for?

A 
S: Sample
PI: Phenomenon of Interest
D: Design
E: Evaluation
R: Research Type
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5
Q

What is the definition of internal validity?

A

Level to which independent variable caused the outcome of the study. In other words, is your outcome actually measuring what was intended to measure?

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6
Q

Name the 5 Steps of EBM

A
  1. Ask a clinical question
  2. Acquire the best evidence
  3. Appraise the evidence
  4. Apply the evidence
  5. Assess your performance
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7
Q

Why is ethics so important?

A

To protect research participants from harm: Physical, psychological.
In accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Moral responsibility of researchers. Insurance for researchers.

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8
Q

Explain what is beneficence for ethics

A

The intention of a study: to do good, and not waste the participants time. The rights of the individual > the greater good.

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9
Q

Give 3 examples of bias

A

Researchers Bias:

  • Components of the environment and/or setting.
  • Individual participants and/or sample.
  • How groups were formed.

Measurement tools:

  • Data collection process.
  • Data and duration of study.
  • Statistical tests and analysis interpretation.
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10
Q

Name the 6 basic principals of ethics

A
  • Autonomy
  • Non-Maleficence
  • Beneficence
  • Justice
  • Confidentiality
  • Dissipation of knowledge
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11
Q

Name the 3 boolean operators you can use while doing a PUBMED search

A
  • AND
  • OR
  • NOT
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12
Q

TRUE/FALSE. Patients are always allowed to withdraw from a trial except during the first 48h after signing informed consent.

A

False

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13
Q

TRUE/FALSE. The acronym SPIDER is used for defining keywords in mixed methods research.

A

True.

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14
Q

TRUE/FALSE. In qualitative research, the purpose is a deep understanding of a phenomenon.

A

True.

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15
Q

TRUE/FALSE. External validity refers to weather the results of a study can be extra-polated to other populations than the ones that were studied.

A

True.

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16
Q

TRUE/FALSE. Efficacy refers to the extent to which an intervention produces a beneficial outcome under day to day circumstances.

A

False.

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17
Q

TRUE/FALSE. Efficiency refers to the extent to which the balance between input (costs) and outputs (outcomes) on interventions represents value for money.

A

True.

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18
Q

TRUE/FALSE. Effectiveness refers to extent to which intervention produces beneficial outcomes under ideally controlled/laboratory circumstances.

A

False.

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19
Q

TRUE/FALSE. In the hierarchy of scientific evidence, Systematic review are ranked higher than Randomized control trial.

A

True.

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20
Q

TRUE/FALSE. In the hierarchy of scientific evidence, in vitro studies are the highest ranked.

21
Q

Name the different strategies that can be used in a PUBMED search.

A
  • Boolean operators
  • Alternative word strategy
  • Truncation strategy
  • MeSH terms
  • Quotation mark strategy
22
Q

Name 3 components of a critical appraisal of a quantitative research.

A
  • Was the purpose stated clearly?
  • Was relevant background literature reviewed?
  • What is the study design?
  • Was the sample described in detail?
  • Was sample size justified?
  • Were outcome measures reliable/valid?
  • Intervention described in detail?
  • Contamination avoided?
  • Co-intervention avoided?
  • Results were reported in terms of statistical significance?
  • Were the analysis methods appropriate?
  • Clinical importance was reported?
  • Conclusions were appropriate given study methods and results?
23
Q

What are the components of an ethical approval request?

A
  • Detailed study outline/proposal.
  • Participant information sheet.
  • Informed consent form.
  • Participant debrief.
  • Secondary info, such as outcome measures.
  • Budget planning.
24
Q

Define anecdotal evidence

A

Evidence collected in a casual or informal manner and relying heavily or entirely on personal testimony: Story told by individuals.
Many forms from product testimonials to word to mouth.
Driven by emotions, and presented by individuals who are not subject area experts.

25
Define independent and dependent variables.
Independent variable: Intervention. | Dependent variable: Outcome, variable that is being observed. Should only vary in response to the independent variable.
26
Nae 3 features/characteristics of a Case Study/Series
Descriptive information of exposure/outcome. Explore new treatment with limited knowledge. No control group. Often qualitative. Test new hypothesis.
27
TRUE/FALSE. In before/after design, the outcomes are compared in a prospective way before and after an intervention.
True.
28
TRUE/FALSE. Single case design are by convention designed by letters: Baseline(A) and treatment (B).
True.
29
Anecdotal evidence?: I had a nice evening at the new meat restaurant next door, it is a good restaurant
True.
30
Anecdotal evidence?: I failed the research exam, this exam is difficult.
True.
31
Anecdotal evidence?: This medication has been tested for sleep disorders on 150 patients. It is statiscally efficient.
False.
32
Anecdotal evidence?: Drinking Energy drinks will make me healthier
True.
33
Anecdotal evidence?: Doberman dogs are dangerous. I read an article in the newspaper that this bread bites.
True.
34
Anecdotal evidence?: I collected evidence in a systematic review that exergames can be used for rehabilitation purposes
False.
35
Anecdotal evidence?: If you go out with your hair wet, you will be sick
True.
36
Efficacy refers to the extent to which an intervention produces a beneficial outcome under day to day circumstances
False.
37
Efficiency is the extent to which the balance between input and outputs on interventions represents value for money
True.
38
Effectiveness is the extent to which intervention produces beneficial outcomes under ideally laboratory circumstances
False.
39
Internal validity of a test refers to whether the test is reliable or not.
False.
40
External validity is whether the results of a study can be extrapolated to other populations than the ones studied.
True.
41
In which steps of the EVIDENCE BASE is the literature search?
Step 2.
42
Which of the following is NOT an appropriate source of information? - International peer-reviewed journal - World health organisation (WHO) - Google scholar - Women's health
Women's Health
43
What does the OR in Boolean operator means in A OR B? - You will have all the information with A and B. - You will have information only on A. - You will have none information with A and B. - You will have information only on B.
You will have all the information with A and B.
44
Which of the following is not a technique used to search articles on PUBMED? - Boolean operators - Mesh terms - Quotation strategy - All text strategy
All text strategy
45
TRUE/FALSE. You can find similar articles from your topics on PUBMED.
True
46
TRUE/FALSE. You should only use meta analyis and RCT in pubmed.
False.
47
TRUE/FALSE. All fields takes into consideration all the recent papers even though not indexed.
True.
48
TRUE/FALSE. Alternative word strategy can be used for pubmed search.
True.
49
3 pillars of EBP
- Best available evidence - Clients Values and Preferences - Clinical expertise

BPT02 Research and Evidence in Physiotherapy (10 decks)

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