Quiz Flashcards
(88 cards)
1
Q
From the ____ words “Philos” meaning _____ and _______ meaning wisdom.
- study of the nature and acquisition of knowledge
A
Greek
love
Sophia
2
Q
The unexamined life is not worth living.”
A
Socrates
3
Q
Father of Western Philosophy,his emphasis on “Self Knowledge”
A
Socrates
4
Q
Socrates was sentenced to death by drinking a cup of poison
A
Hemlock
5
Q
man’s goal in life is to
A
Acquire hapiness
6
Q
the supreme good that will secure happiness
A
Virtue
7
Q
SOCRATES’ VIEW OF MAN
BODY-
SOUL-
A
PHYSICAL, VISIBLE,TEMPORARY
SPIRITUAL, INVISIBLE, PERMANENT
8
Q
“Good actions give strength to ourselves and inspire good action in others”
A
Plato
9
Q
contained Socrates’ philosophical arguments.
A
Socratic dialogue
10
Q
which asserted that the ultimate reality exists beyond the physical world
A
Theory of Forms
11
Q
is where man’s Forms (ideas) are known.
A
soul/mind
12
Q
- The element that enjoys are sensual experiences
A
APPETITIVE SOUL
13
Q
The element that loves truth and reason: forbid sensual experiences
A
RATIONAL SOUL-
14
Q
The element that understands passion, honor and sense of victory
A
SPIRITED SOUL
15
Q
For you have made us for yourself, and our hearts are restless until it rests in you.”
A
ST. AUGUSTINE
16
Q
Works of st. Agustine
A
Confessions
City of God
Of Christian doctrine
17
Q
capable of knowing the Truth and scientific thinking
A
Soul
18
Q
Possesses the senses, imagination, memory, memory reason and mind
A
Body
19
Q
It is aware of itself. Immaterial. Ability to recognize God
A
Soul
20
Q
AUGUSTINE’S VIEW OF MAN
A
Body and Soul
21
Q
Who said “I think therefore I am.”
A
RENE DESCARTES
22
Q
a systematic process of being skeptical of one’s belief to ascertain their truthfulness.
A
Methodical Doubt
23
Q
He is also known for the _______ statement “Cogito ergo sum” ________
A
Latin
I think therefore I am
24
Q
As with previous philosophers Descartes asserted the “self” is:
A
Constant, not prone to change
The source of our identity
25
RENE DESCARTES' VIEW OF MAN
Body
COGITO/MIND
26
Knowledge is derived from experience"
JOHN LOCKE
27
An English philosopher and physician during the Age of Enlightenment
John Locke
28
He views the "self" as including the memories a person has. It means that a person is the same person as yesterday as he remembers his thoughts and experiences
John Locke
29
The self as "Tabula Rasa" means
blank slate]
30
Knowledge is derived from human senses"
David Hume
31
the idea that knowledge comes from sense experience, opposing Descartes' Rationalism
Empiricism
32
He divided the mind's perceptions into two groups
Impressions and Ideas
33
Source of our Knowledge: Where it comes from Perceptions
1.Impressions /Sensations
34
Content of our Knowledge: What it is
2.Thoughts/ Ideas
35
"Reason is the final authority of morality"
IMMANUEL KANT
36
Kant A German philosopher famous in modern philosophy. He made contributions to ______,___________,____________
metaphysics, epistemology and ethics
37
Who said that the self is not the body but is outside of it
Kant
38
bridges the "self" and the material world
Knowledge
39
the mental process which a person makes sense of an idea by assimilating it to the body of ideas he/she already possesses
Apperception
40
IMMANUEL KANT'S VIEW OF MAN
EXPERIENCES/OUTER SELF
SELF APPARATUSES OF THE MIND/INNER SELF
41
It includes your senses and the physical world. Present in universe
EXPERIENCES/OUTER SELF
42
- It includes your rational intellect and one's psychological state. Not present but experience
APPARATUSES OF THE MIND/INNER SELF
43
"Wish fulfillment is the road to the unconscious"
SIGMUND FREUD
44
which is based on the notion that a person is driven by unseen forces and controlled by conscious and rational thought.
psychoanalysis
45
Freud is also famous for his work on the _________
role of sex and the unconscious
46
Central to Freud's theory is the Unconscious
A repository for traumatic repressed memories
Source of anxiety provoking drives that is socially unacceptable
47
3 Aspect of Personality
.Ego- reality principle
Superego- perfection principle
ID- pleasure principle
48
I act therefore I am"
Gilbert Ryle
49
His first book _________ is considered a modern classic. He disagreed with Descartes' view that the mental and physical are separate.
The Concept of Mind (1949),
50
For _______ the self or our sense of self is a collection of our behaviors and actions
Gilbert Ryle,
51
The physical brain and not the imaginary mind gives us our sense of self"
PAUL CHURCHLAND
52
Canadian philosopher known for his studies in neurophilosophy and the philosophy of the mind
Paul Churchland
53
Chudchland philosophy stands on the __________ or that only the physical world exists.
materialistic view
54
He considers the idea that there is a soul or mind separate from the physical world is false calling it _________
eliminative materialism
55
As a materialist, he asserted that our sense of self originated from the brain and its functions
Paul Churchland
56
"Physical body is an important part of the self"
MAURICE JEAN JACQUES MERLEAU-PONTY
57
He does not believe in a dualistic view of the self rather the mind and body are connected
MAURICE JEAN JACQUES MERLEAU-PONTY
58
an entity that possess conscious experiences like feelings, beliefs, and desires
embodied subjectivity
59
MAURICE JEAN JACQUES MERLEAU-PONTY'S VIEW OF MAN
BODY- experience perception
PERCEIVED WORLD- accumulate perception
PEOPLE AND THE WORLD- society culture
60
the study of human social relationships and institutions. It is concerned with the way society influences our behavior patterns."How does society influence you"
Sociology
61
It is the process of internalizing the norms and ideologies of society. Across history, societies base their survival on these norms
Socialization
62
was based on social rules and family- centeredness
as stability increases, individualism and self identity became central
Pre-modern times
modern times
63
Enumarate Key Characteristics of Modernity
Industrialism - extensive use of power and machinery
2. Capitalism - production system involving market competition and supply-demand
3. Institutions of Surveillance - increase of reach of institutions
4. Dynamism - life becomes a vigorous activity and process
64
German
sociologist, philosopher, and critic. Simmel was influential in the field of sociology.
He expressed that people create social networks by joining social groups
George Simmel
65
two or more people interacting with similar characteristics and sense of identity
- ties/connections that link to your group. E.g. blood, friendship, learning
Social group
Social Network
66
Types of Social Group
- naturally occurring e.g. family. Formed in traditional societies. Organic Motivation - you join because you are part of it.
Rootedness; Less Freedom; Greater Social Conformity
- occur in modern societies, formed out of shared self-interests - Rational Motivation
Dynamic; No meaningful connection
Organic group
Rational Group
67
Charles Horton Cooley
He was an American sociologist who was a founding member of the ________ and became its eighth president in _____. He pioneered sociological perspectives on self- development [1864-1929].
American Sociological Association in 1905
1918
68
The _______ wherein individuals base their sense of self on how they believe others view them
looking-glass self
69
According to Cooley (1902), in his work Human Nature and the Social Order, his "looking-glass self" involved three steps
1) You imagine how you appear to the other person.
2) You imagine the judgment of the other person.
3) You feel some sense of pride, happiness, guilt or shame.
70
He was an American philosopher prominent in both social psychology and Pragmatism.
George Herbert Mead
71
main contribution was his attempt to show how the human self arises in the process of social interaction.developed different stages of development
Mead
72
Mead's Stages of Development
Language
Play
Game
73
Mead's Concept of Self= 2 Parts
I and me
74
part of self created through socialization
-predictability and conformity come from the "me"
ME
75
part of self that is spontaneous, unpredictable, & creative
-acts in extreme situations of rage to excitement
but also....
I
76
It is the study of people's experiences, past and present. It is concerned with understanding how humans evolved and how they differ from one another.
Anthropology
77
Anthropologists believe that no understanding of human beings is complete without the study of the full range of the human phenomenon.
The self is the "physical organism (biological), possessing psychological functioning (psychological) and social attributes (cultural)"
.
78
Conceptualized the Implicit and Explicit aspects of the self framed, maintained, and affected biologically, mentally, and socially
Joseph LeDoux-Neuroscientist
79
_____- the aspect that you are consciously aware of
_______- aspect that is not immediately available to the consciousness
Explicit
Implicit
80
"People construct a series of self-representations that are based on one's cultural concepts and personal memories"
Katherine Ewing - Anthropologist and Professor
81
culturally shaped concepts applied to oneself, or which represents the self.
Self representation
82
is a powerful agent guiding the decisions and actions of humans in the given situation. It regulates, expresses and transforms the human psyche.
Culture
83
There are two ways the self is constructed by culture.
1. Independent Construct -characteristic of individualistic culture
2. Interdependent Construct - characteristic of collectivist culture
84
-American Developmental Psychologist
Catherine Raeff-American Developmental Psychologist
85
Relationships
Culture influences how you get into and keep a relationship.
Personality traits
Culture influences whether and a you value traits, such as self-esteem, politeness, humility, and assertiveness, also how you perceive hardship in life.
Achievement
Culture influences how you value specific types of individual and group achievements and how you define success
Expressing emotions
Culture influences how you express yourself and it will affect you emotionally.
86
Changes through time and is made up of quantifiable parts
Body
87
Conscious thinking substance unaffected by time known only to itself.
Cogito/mind
88
the self exists because of our conscious perceptions. What we cannot sense does not exist.
Hume
