Quiz Flashcards
stuff (33 cards)
Name 3 Drugs that are used to treat SVTs (e.g. A-fib)
ABCD
(A)-fib
(B)eta blockers - atenolol
(C)alcium channel blocker - diltiazem
(D)igoxin
What are 3 common causes for a left basilar systolic murmur
Pulmonic stenosis
Subaortic stenosis
Flow murmur (physiologic - softer grade 1-2 murmur, in puppies and kittens this should go away by 4-6 months)
What 3 structures are located at the craniodorsal corner of the heart on a lateral radiograph
Pulmonary artery
R atrium
Aorta
Name 4 breeds predisposed to subaortic stenosis
Rottweilers
Golden retrievers
Bull terriers
Boxers
Newfoundlands
Which 2 sites are to blame for bradycardia (origin of bradyarrythmias)
SAN and AVN
3 types of AV Block
First degree - prolonged PR interval with QRS
Second degree (Type one) - progressively prolonged PR interval leading to a dropped beat; associated with high vagal tone and horses
Second degree (Type two) - randomly dropped beats; more concerning because it is associated with conduction system disease
Third degree - no QRS after P; ventricles depolarize from a subsidiary pacemaker
What 3 diseases with concentric hypertrophy do we use B-blockers as negative inotropes
HOCM
SAS
Pulmonary stenosis
Name 3 primary valvular lesions that result in M/T regurgitation
Myxomatous degeneration
valvular dysplasia
Endocarditis
Name 3 common diseases resulting in LV dilation that can cause mitral regurgitation?
DCM - dilation and secondary regurgitation
PDA (L–>R): Path = LV > Aorta > DA > PA > Lungs > PV > LA > LV …
VSD (L–R): Path = LA => LV => RV => PA => Lungs => PV => LA => LV …
Aortic insufficiency
What are 3 types of ECG characteristics of A-fib
No P waves; F waves instead
Normal QRS morphology
Irregularly irregular rhythm (RR interval irregular)
What are the causes of an axis shift?
Right ventricular hypertrophy
R or L bundle branch block
Name 4 drugs used as ORAL ventricular antiarrythmics
SPAM = Sotalol is first line; if not working Sotalol and Mexilitine second line
(S)otalol (Class II/III)
(P)rocainamide - Type IA
(A)miodarone - Class III
(M)exiletine - Class IB
Diseases of which 4 body systems are associated with high vagal tone
GI
Neurologic
Respiratory
Ocular
Name 2 strategies used to manage bradycardia
Medical management - atropoine
Surgical - pacemaker
3 drug classes that are used to increase heart rate
Sympathomimetics - EPI/NE, dopamine/dobutamine, isopreterneol, terbutaline
Anticholinergics/parasympatholytics - atropine, glycopyrrolate, propantheline bromide, hyoscyamine
Methylxanthines - theophylline
Name 2 reasons that dogs cough with heart disease
Pressure on trachea / mainstem bronchi
Pulmonary edema
What are 2 cardiac conditions associated with hyperkinetic pulses
PDA - longer diastole so more overtime pressure difference; losing BV from aorta
Aortic regurgitation
Name 3 actions/effects of digoxin
Negative chronotrope - slows conduction through AVN by increasing vagal tone
Positive inotrope - prevents 3na out and K in; bringing Ca into the cell
Mild diuretic
Resets barroreceptors in aortic and carotid bodies
Name 5 things that AGII does
Stimulates aldosterone - promotes Na retention
Increased thirst- sns activation
Fibrosis/myocardial hypertrophy
Increased ADH
Vasoconstrict vascular smooth muscle
What 3 hypers cause Lv concentric hypertrophy in cats
HYPERtension
HYPERthyroidism
HYPERtrophic cardiomyopathy
What are 3 reasons for an enlarged PA?
Pulmonic stenosis
PDA
HW disease
Pulmonary hypertension
Name 3 fluids that can cause an interstitial/alveolar pattern
Blood = pulmonary contusions
Purulent material = pneumonia
Pulmonary edema
Name 3 caues for generalized cardiomegaly in dogs
Pericardial effusion = globoid structure on R (cannot distinguish LA from LV)
DCM
Valvular disease (L sided)
What 3 rhythms are associated with absece of P waves on ECG
Atrial standstill
Afib
Hyperkalemia (Addisons, blocked cats)
Sinus arrest
