Quiz Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and circadian rhythms. Produces releasing and inhibiting hormones that control the pituitary gland.
What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland?
Growth hormone, FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH, and prolactin.
What hormone does the pineal gland secrete?
Melatonin.
What is the primary function of the thyroid gland?
Produces thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which regulate metabolism, energy levels, and development.
What does parathyroid hormone (PTH) do?
Increases blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption and calcium absorption.
What hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex?
Cortisol and aldosterone.
What is the dual function of the pancreas?
Regulates blood sugar via insulin and glucagon; also has digestive (exocrine) function.
What hormones do ovaries produce?
Estrogen and progesterone.
What is the primary hormone produced by the testes?
Testosterone.
Define endocrine glands.
Ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood.
What is a hormone?
Chemical messenger sent to many parts of the body to produce a specific effect on a target cell or organ.
What does insulin do?
Facilitates glucose uptake by cells, lowering blood sugar levels.
What is the function of glucagon?
Promotes breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver, raising blood sugar.
What is the role of adrenaline (epinephrine)?
Increases heart rate, dilates airways, boosts energy by increasing blood glucose.
What does cortisol help with?
Helps the body respond to stress, increases blood glucose, and reduces inflammation.
What is the primary function of thyroxine (T4)?
Regulates metabolism, heart rate, and body temperature.
What does estrogen promote?
Development of female reproductive organs and secondary sex traits; regulates menstrual cycle.
What is the function of testosterone?
Promotes development of male reproductive tissues and secondary sex traits; supports muscle and bone mass.
Fill in the blank: Melatonin regulates _______.
sleep-wake cycle.
What does parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulate?
control the level of calcium in your blood, not your bones
What does FSH do in females?
Stimulates growth of ovarian follicles.
What is the role of LH in females?
Triggers ovulation and corpus luteum formation.
What does TSH stimulate?
Stimulates the thyroid to release T3 and T4.
What is the function of ACTH?
Stimulates adrenal cortex to release cortisol, especially during stress.
