Quiz 2

Question 1

The purpose of the glomerulus is to form _____________________

Answer 1

an ultrafiltrate of plasma

Question 2

Blood enters the glomerulus via the

Answer 2

afferent arteriole

Question 3

The glomerular filtration barriers are _____ selective and _______ selective

Answer 3

charge

size

Question 4

Glomerular filtration rate is defined as _________

Normal GFR is about _____ mL/min

Answer 4

total volume per unit time (mL/min) which leaves the capillaries and enters Bowman’s space
120 mL/min

Question 5

Renal blood flow is about _____ of cardiac output,

Answer 5

20%

Question 6

The vast majority of what is filtered in Bowmans space is ________

Answer 6

reabsorbed

about 1% becomes urine

Question 7

The four factors that determine GFR are:

Answer 7

ultrafiltration coefficient
Oncotic pressure
Net hydraulic pressure
Capillary plasma flow rate

Question 8

How does the body get back filtered plasma?

Answer 8

An increase in oncotic pressure

A decrease in capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 9

_____- is a term that reflects the kidneys ability to regulate GFR over a range of conditions.
Over a range of ________ GFR and RBF remain constant

Answer 9

Autoregulation

80-200 mmHg

Question 10

The four processes of renal substance handling include

Answer 10

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
Excretion

Question 11

______ is the volume of plasma from which all of a given substance is removed per unit time in one pass through the kidney

Answer 11

Renal Clearance

Question 12

If a substance is neither reabsorbed nor secreted then its renal clearance is _____
ex)

Answer 12

= to GFR

inulin

Question 13

If a substance is completely reabsorbed hen its renal clearance is _____
ex)

Answer 13

0

glucose under normal conditions

Question 14

Clearance equation=

Answer 14

(concentration in urine x urine flow rate) / concentration in plasma

Question 15

If clearance is > GFR there must be

Answer 15

net secretion

Question 16

If clearance is < GFR, there must be

Answer 16

net reabsorption

Question 17

If clearance = GFR there must be

Answer 17

neither reabsorption nor net secretion

Question 18

Renal clearance of creatinine is used to clinically estimate ______

Answer 18

GFR

Question 19

If there in normal renal function and 100% of nephrons working, GFR is about

Answer 19

125 mL/min

Question 20

If renal function is reduced and there are about 10-40% of nephrons working, GFR is about

Answer 20

12-80 mL/min

Question 21

If there is renal failure and there are less than 10% of nephrons working, GFR is about

Answer 21

<12 mL/min

Question 22

The three mechanisms that deal with the physiology of reabsorption and secretion are

Answer 22

Active transport
Passive transport (simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion)
Secondary Active transport

Question 23

The most important enzyme that moves Na and K is

Answer 23

Na- K- ATPase
Na out
K in

Question 24

In renal tubules, reabsorption and secretion of substances are couples with the active transport of _____.
A characteristic of such a system is _______

Answer 24

Na

Maximum transport rate (Tm)

Question 25

The proximal tubules most important function is

Answer 25

reabsorption (65% of reabsorption in the proximal tubule)

Question 26

All reabsorption in the proximal tubule is

Answer 26

Iso-osmotic

Question 27

The proximal tubule is the preferential site of _____ reabsoption, using _________

Answer 27

HCO3 (Bicarb) | carbonic anhydrase

Question 28

Fluid leaving the proximal tubule has an increased Cl concentration compared to plasma, more chloride remains in tubular fluid to maintain ________ because more HCO3 is reabsorbed.

Answer 28

electroneutrality

Question 29

The ascending/ descending loop of henle is permeable to H2O

Answer 29

descending

Question 30

The ascending/ descending loop of henle is impermeable to H2O

Answer 30

ascending

Question 31

The most important segment of the loop of henle is the __________, this is the ___________

Answer 31

Thick Ascending Limb (TAL) | Diluting segment of the nephron, although it is important in [ ] urine

Question 32

The luminal membrane of the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the loop of henle has a 1Na 1K 2Cl transporter pump, this is the target site of ______ and is the only nephron segment where _____ is actively transported

Answer 32

Lasix | Cl

Question 33

The early distal tubule is ________ to H20

Answer 33

impermeable

Question 34

The later distal tubule is _______ to H2O

Answer 34

permeable, depending on presence or absence of ADH

Question 35

If there is presence of ADH, the later distal tubule will be _______ to H2O

Answer 35

permeable

Question 36

If there is absence of ADH, the later distal tubule will be _______ to H2O

Answer 36

impermeable

Question 37

The distal tubule is made of what two cells?

Answer 37

Principal- reabsorb Na, H2O, secrete K | Intercalated- reabsorb HCO3, K, secrete H+

Question 38

The medullary collecting duct is the final site for ___________, and is permeable to ______

Answer 38

procesing the urine | urea