Quiz 2 Flashcards
Physiological-or-psychological thinking was given official recognition in the 17th century when the Roman Church officially supported:
Cartesian dualism.
_____ many European ethologists, most of the early North American experimental psychologists were committed to the _________ side of the nature–nurture debate.
Unlike; nurture
European ethology focused on the study of
instinctive behaviors.
Asomatognosia typically involves the _____ side of the body and usually results from damage to the _____________.
left; right parietal lobe
In Gallup’s (1983) research with chimpanzees, the chimpanzees were given access to a mirror. Later the chimpanzee’s eyebrow was painted red. When the chimpanzees now looked at the mirror, they _________, suggesting that _____.
demonstrated awareness of the red color by touching their eyebrows; chimpanzees have self-awareness
The two genes that control each trait are called:
alleles.
In his groundbreaking experiments, Mendel studied __________ traits in true-breeding lines of pea plants.
dichotomous
Each strand of DNA is a sequence of ________ bases.
nucleotide
The massive international research effort that mapped the sequence of bases in human chromosomes was the Human _____________ Project.
Genome
Mechanisms that influence the expression of genes without changing the genes themselves are often called:
epigenetic mechanisms.
_____________ is the development of individuals over their life span, whereas _______________ is the evolutionary development of species through the ages.
Ontogeny; phylogeny
When Searle (1949) compared selectively bred maze-dull and maze-bright rats on 30 different behavioral tests, his analysis suggested that the maze-bright rats were superior maze learners not because they were more intelligent but because they:
were less fearful.
The PKU gene is ________, meaning that _______________.
recessive; it develops only in homozygous individuals
Which statement is true of the neurological disorder phenylketonuria (PKU)?
It is more common among children of European American descent than among children of African American or Asian American descent.
The period, usually early in life, during which a particular experience must occur to have a major effect on the development of a trait is called the _____ period for that trait.
sensitive
_________ twins develop from the same zygote, whereas ________ twins develop from two zygotes.
Monozygotic; dizygotic
Heritability estimates tell us about:
the proportion of variability that occurred in a particular trait in a particular study as a result of the genetic variation in that study.
he discovery that genetic variability contributes substantially to individual differences in virtually all human traits and behaviors has led several geneticists to argue that:
no more heritability estimate studies should be conducted.
Fraga and colleagues (2005) took tissue samples from 40 pairs of monozygotic twins and screened the tissues for DNA methylation and histone modifications. They found that the twins were epigenetically _________________ early in life and that epigenetic differences _______________________ as they aged.
indistinguishable; accumulated
The discovery of epigenetic differences in monozygotic twins raises the possibility that epigenetic differences may explain why:
one twin develops a trait and the other doesn’t.
The study of animal behavior in the wild is called:
ethology.
In an attempt to provide convincing evidence of self-awareness, Gallup (1983) devised a clever test: Each chimpanzee in his experiment was:
put in front of a mirror.
Darwin was the first to:
amass a large body of supporting evidence for evolution.
One reason why social dominance is an important factor in evolution is that:
in some species, dominant females are more likely to produce more and healthier offspring.
