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Underground Mining > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

(103 cards)

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1
Q

Unit Operations

A

Fragmentation, Loading, Hauling

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2
Q

Using fire to mine in hardrock

A

firesetting

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3
Q

old tools ford hardrock mining

A

hammer and gad

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4
Q

patron saint of miners

A

St. Barbara

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5
Q

old mine hauler

A

mucker

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6
Q

A vertical or inclined excavation in rock for the purpose of providing access to an orebody. Usually equipped with a hoist at the top, which lowers and raises a conveyance for handling workers and materials.

A

shaft

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7
Q

A sloping underground opening for machine access from level to level or from surface; also called a ramp.

A

decline

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8
Q

A horizontal opening driven from a shaft and (or near) right angles to the strike of a vein or other orebody.

A

crosscut

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9
Q

an internal shaft

A

winze

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10
Q

Vertical or inclined passage for the downward transfer of ore connecting a level with the hoisting shaft or a lower level.

A

ore pass

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11
Q

built with intention to last the life of the mine

A

primary development

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12
Q

associated with particular production units, potential consumed as production proceeds, 1-2 year life or less

A

secondary development

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13
Q

upper portion of a shaft, anchors shaft to surface

A

collar

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14
Q

creation of a shaft

A

sinking

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15
Q

An underground excavation where water accumulates before being pumped to surface.

A

sump

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16
Q

A vertical or inclined underground working that has been excavated from the bottom upward.

A

raise

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17
Q

equipment used in shaft sinking, finger looking

A

cactus grab

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18
Q

used in shaft sinking, bucket on hydraulic arm

A

cryderman

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19
Q

uses compressed air to force water to the surface

A

air lift

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20
Q

advanced as shaft sinking progresses, provides platform for working

A

stage or galloway

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21
Q

Hoist rope passed down
pilot hole and attached to
cage or work platform

A

cage or gig raising

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22
Q

Similar to cage raising
• Cage is on a rigid steel
guide rail attached to one
wall of the raise

A

alimak raising

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23
Q

All operations are from top
level
• Long holes are drilled from top
level to starting level

A

longhole raising

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24
Q

from

seam to seam

A

Cross-measure drifts

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25
hoist relying on friction
Koepe
26
used to haul ore in a shaft
skip
27
where rope passes over in headframe
head sheave
28
rope where strands and ropes cross
left hand ordinary lay
29
rope and strands same direction
right hand lang's lay
30
sublevel caving first applied to
weak ore
31
sublevel caving method
undercut drifts created, then supports pulled or blasting and muck removed on retreat
32
sublevel caving now applied to
strong ore with weak walls
33
sublevel caving interval distance
25 to 40 ft
34
sublevel caving reqrd properties
ore stands w/ out support, >50ft up holes, holes stay open, wall rock weak enough for caving, vertical to 60 deg dip
35
sublevel caving disadvantages
high dilution, high dev costs
36
Sub lvl cave advantages
flexible for irregular and narrow ore bodies, work in drifts, good ground control, good ventilation, easily mechanized, activities can be specialized, no pillar loss
37
2 types sub lvl cave layouts
transverse and longitudinal
38
when is transverse sblvl cave used?
ore body width >50m
39
Sblvl caving cutoff grade
visual method and sample/assay method
40
sblvl stoping vs sblvl caving
caving ore falls into extraction drifts and stoping falls into open stope. sblvl stoping requires strong foot/hanging wall
41
block/panel caving vs sublevel caving
lower cost/ton, larger output, less development, simpler ventilation / applicable to harder and smaller ores, use where caving is questionable, use where secondary blasting costs may be high
42
block and panel caving reqmnts and traits
large/massive orebodies, low cost, high productivity, lower cost/ton than anyother underground hardrock method, caving by gravity
43
blck and panel ore reqmnts
steep dip, lareg/massive body, capping must cave/preferably large blocks, uniform distribution,
44
blck/panel advantages
inexpensive, centralized production, simple ventilation, consistent rate, suitable to low grades
45
blck/panel disadvantages
expensive development, expensive drift maintenance, slow response to changing production requirements, inflexible
46
blck/panel capacity
20,000 to >100,000 tpd
47
choosing caving method
determine rock competency, cavability, expected size of broken material
48
5 types of fill
waste, pneumatic, hydraulic s/ dilute slurry, high desnity, other
49
how to improve sill strength
optimize size distribution
50
pnuematic fill size
minus 1 inch
51
gravity fill through waste passes size
minus 12 inch
52
fill tools
rammer jammer, slingers
53
waste fill ad/dis
lower costs, environmental / loose, unconsolidated, if it becomes wet=surging
54
pnuematic fill ad/dis
ventilation, high density, no excess water, ground control / dust problems, high costs, noise
55
hydraulic w/ dilute slurry ad/dis
better wall support, reduced pressure on workings / excess water, slimes plug pumps, pipe wear
56
high density hydraulic fill ad/dis
avoids excess slime/water, quick placement form pumping speeds, higher density, works with mill tailings / sliming problems, special pumps, higher precision reqd
57
cut/fill deposit reqmnts
steep dip, large/irregular shape possible, good support reqd
58
overhand vs underhand cut/fill
underhand=mining under backfill. overhand=mining on top of backfill
59
cut/fill adv/dis
adaptable to most ore bodies, best where ore discontinuous, small cap investments, used with weak wall rock, minimal dilution, easy to change methods / cyclical production, skilled labor, high operating costs, extensive ground control, high amount of non productive work, difficult ventilation
60
hardrock room and pillar compared to coal
easier roof and rib control, bigger entries, smaller pillars, mining in multiple lifts, aka stope and pillar
61
hardrock r&p fragmentation
mostly by drill/blast
62
CFR?
code of federal regulations
63
Pneumoconiosis
coal dust in lungs, cant get full breath
64
TLV?
threshhold limit values, American conference of industrial hygienists
65
TWA?
time-weighted average, 8hr workday or 40-hr week
66
STEL?
Short term exposure limit
67
mine gases
oxygen, co2, methane, CO, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen, radon
68
oxygen legal minimum
19.5%. 17%=faster breathing, 9%=fainting 7%=life danger
69
CO2
blackdamp, 0.041%=usual concentration, 18%=immediate death
70
methane
firedamp, lighter than air, colorless odorless, nontoxic, tasteless
71
methane - oxygen explosiveness
5-15% methane and 12% oxygen
72
carbon monoxide
whitedamp, colorless, odorless, tasteless, flammable, explosive at 12.5-74%, toxic
73
hydrogen sulfide
stinkdamp, smelly, colorless, toxic, explosive, forms from heated gobbs or water, gas/oil fields/sulfur mines/gypsum mines, heavier than air, 4-44% explosive
74
sulfur dioxide
colorless, toxic, smelly, nonflammable, heavier than air
75
6 mine dusts
fibrogenic, carcinogenic, toxic, radioactive, explosive, nuisance
76
8 hour weighted average time limit noise
90 dB
77
hearpro
rigid ear muff 24-29dB | soft foam 30-35dB
78
incidence rate calculation
(#injuries x 200,000)/number of employee hours
79
severity rate calc
(#lost work days x 200,000)/number of employee hours
80
four phases of longwall move
planning, prep, disassemply/movement/intall, completion
81
3 parts of longwall
shearer, shields, armored face conveyor
82
6 components of longwall roof supports
canopy, side shield, goaf shield, hydraulic legs, lemniscate linkages, base
83
major cause of poor support performance
fluid leakage due to hard-water deposits
84
shear operated at X% of bit length
70%
85
unidirectional cutting used when
one way cut, clean floor on return, good cleanup, low machine utilization, roof may dteriorate, steep seams, hard coal or excessive dust
86
bidirectional
lead drum cuts 70%, rear drum cuts 30%
87
2 types of dilution calcs
weight/mass vs volume dilution
88
dilution calc
%=(waste mined)/(waste mined+ore mined) *100
89
internal dilution
occurs in mining block, waste cannot me separated
90
external dilution
waste outside orebody is mined within block
91
secondary dilution
unplanned from blasting, sloughing etc.
92
primary dilution
planned waste to be mined to allow ore extraction
93
mining methods with predictable dilution
block caving, sublvl stoping, room and pillar
94
factors affecting dilution
mine depth, rock strength, ore type, ground support
95
longwall mining is a ___ method
caving
96
abutment pressure is transferred where in longwall
ahead of the longwall, softens coal
97
longwalls used on what minerals
coal and trona, tested on gold bearing gravel
98
most important factor in longwall consideration
geology- flat seam, roof/floor strata, anomalies
99
longwall produces X% of coal vs development
80-85%
100
3 categories of underground mining methods
supported, unsupported, caving
101
most important in choosing underground method
geological conditions
102
shaft drilling limited by
shaft size
103
density of water
63 lb/ft^3 or 1000 kg/m^3

Underground Mining (1 decks)

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