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EGO-89-132 > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Behavioral genetics

A

is a field devoted to uncovering the contributions of nature and nurture to this diversity in human traits and abilities.

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2
Q

Heritability estimates

A

measure the extent to which individual differences in complex traits in a specific population are due to genetic factors.

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3
Q

Kinship studies

A

compare the characteristics of family members

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4
Q

gene–environment interaction

A

because of their genetic makeup, individuals differ in their responsiveness to qualities of the environment

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5
Q

Gene-environment correlation

A

our genes influence the environments to which we are exposed

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6
Q

Niche picking

A

The tendency to actively choose environments thatcomplement our heredity is called…

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7
Q

Epigenesis

A

the theory, now generally held, that an embryo develops progressively from an undifferentiated egg cell.

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8
Q

Methylation

A

a biochemical process triggered by certain experiences, in which a set of chemical compounds lands on top of a gene and changes its impact, reducing or silencing its expression

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9
Q

ADHD symptoms

A

inattention, impulsivity, and overactivity—typically result in serious academic and social problems

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10
Q

structures that feed and protect developing organism

A

amnion, chorion, yolk sac, placenta, and umbilical cord

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11
Q

embryonic disk

A

cells inside the blastocyst that will become the new organism

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12
Q

blastocyst

A

fluid-filled ball, formed by the fourth day

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13
Q

trophoblast

A

will become the structures that provide protective covering and nourishment

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14
Q

implantation

A

the blastocyst burrows deep into the uterine lining

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15
Q

amnion

A

encloses the developing organism

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16
Q

amniotic fluid

A

helps keep the temperature of the prenatal world constant and provides a cushion against any jolts caused by the woman’s movement

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17
Q

yolk sac

A

produces blood cells until the developing liver, spleen, and bone marrow are mature enough to take over this function

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18
Q

chorion

A

surrounds the amnion, tiny finger-like villi, or blood vessels emerge

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19
Q

placenta

A

permits food and oxygen to reach the developing organism and waste products to be carried away, prevents the mother’s and the embryo’s blood from mixing directly

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20
Q

umbilical cord

A

first appears as a primitive body stalk and during the course of pregnancy grows to a length of 1 to 3 feet, delivers blood loaded with nutrients

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21
Q

three layers of the embryonic disk forms

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

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22
Q

neural tube

A

the ectoderm folds over to create this, spinal cord

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23
Q

fetus

A

from the 9th week to the end of the pregnancy

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24
Q

trimesters

A

three equal time periods

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25
vernix
white, cheese-like substance that protects its skin from chapping during the long months spent bathing in the amniotic fluid
26
lanugo
white, downy hair that helps the vernix stick to the skin
27
age of viability
between 22 and 26 weeks
28
teratogen
refers to any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period
29
fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)
a term that encompasses a range of physical, mental, and behavioral outcomes caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
30
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
a term that encompasses a range of physical, mental, and behavioral outcomes caused by prenatal alcohol exposure of the upper lip), and (c) brain injury,
31
partial fetal alcohol syndrome (p-FAS)
characterized by (a) two of the three facial abnormalities just mentioned and (b) brain injury, again evident in at least three areas of impaired functioning
32
Alcohol- related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND)
at least three areas of mental functioning are impaired, despite typical physical growth and absence of facial abnormalities. Again, prenatal alcohol exposure, though con rmed, is less pervasive than in FAS
33
dioxins
toxic compounds resulting from commercial waste incineration and burning of fuels, such as coal or oil has particularly injurious effects
34
hippocampus
plays a crucial role in the formation of new memories.
35
breech position
turned so that the buttocks or feet would be delivered first
36
anoxia
inadequate oxygen supply, along with a buildup of harmful acids and de ciency of vital blood substrates, as a result of decreased maternal blood supply during labor and delivery
37
placenta previa
a condition caused by implantation of the blastocyst so low in the uterus that the placenta covers the cervical opening.
38
Preterm infants
are born several weeks or more before their due date. Although they are small, their weight may still be appropriate, based on time spent in the uterus.
39
Small-for-date
infants are below their expected weight considering length of the pregnancy.
40
Special Infant Stimulation
In proper doses, certain kinds of stimulation can help preterm infants develop.
41
“kangaroo care”
the most readily available intervention for promoting the survival and recovery of preterm babies.
42
Neonatal mortality
the rate of death within the rst month of life, accounts for 67 percent of the infant death rate in the United States.
43
Passive Correlation
when child has no control over it, parents make them join athletics bc they are athletic
44
Evocative correlation
children evoke their own feelings bc of their genetics
45
passive and evocative correlation are more associated with...
younger children
46
active correlation
given more responsibilities and go towards their genetic ties
47
active correlation refers more towards...
older children
48
niche picking
when children have a consistent choice pattern that complements their heredity
49
period of the Zygote
2 weeks duration, cell division, implantation
50
period of the embryo
6 weeks duration, 3 layers of cells, neural tube forms
51
period of the fetus
32 weeks duration, organs, muscles, and nervous system
52
what is the longest period in pregnancy
period of the fetus
53
when is the age of viability
26 weeks
54
what is the most vulnerable part in the prenatal period
central nervous system- 3 to 38 weeks
55
prenatal environmental influences
dose, heredity, other negative factors, and age
56
what are the stages of implantation
conception, germinal period, embryonic stage, fetal stage
57
tobacco during pregnancy
causes Low Birth Weight (LBW) and restricts blood flow to the fetus
58
effects of emotional stress on fetus
stress hormones, maternal emotional stress, and stress related prenatal complications
59
what are the stages of childbirth
dilation and enfacement, pushing, and delivery of the placenta
60
APGAR Scale
1-5 min after birth, greater than 7 is normal score, record answers twice, make sure that baby doesn't need medical intervention/ gets help quickly
61
oxygen deprivation or Annoxia
oxygen deprivation leads to brain damage or cognitive, language problems, Cerebral palsy
62
Low birth weight
best available predictor of infant survival and healthy development, 5.5 pounds and above is healthy
63
preterm infants
34 to 35 weeks can contribute greatly to infants health, infants at 35 weeks have reduced rates of illness and lengthy hospital stays compared to those born at 34 weeks
64
Stress hormones
cross the placenta, causing a dramatic rise in fetal heart rate and activity, Fetal neurological functioning can be permanently altered
65
Maternal emotional stress
predicts anxiety, short attention span, anger, aggression, and overactivity among young children, above and beyond the impact of other risk factors
66
Stress-related prenatal complications
can be greatly reduced when mom receive support from family members and friend
67
what does APGAR stand for
appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration
67
what does APGAR stand for
appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration
68
infant respiratory distress syndrome
when the baby's lungs have not produced enough surfactant. This substance, made up of proteins and fats, helps keep the lungs inflated and prevents them collapsing

EGO-89-132 (1 decks)

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