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Neuro Quiz 1 > quiz 2 > Flashcards

quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Histology

A

Study of Tissue structure `

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2
Q

nissl stains

A

allows scientists to see all cell bodies in a tissue section
measures size / # of cells I particular region

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3
Q

Golgi Stains

A

see detailed version of cell structure (axon, dendrites, etc.)

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4
Q

autoradiography

A

distribution of radioactive chemicals in tissues

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5
Q

Immunohistochemistry

A

reveals distribution of neurons that make a protein of interest

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6
Q

In Situ Hybridization

A

RNA / DNA component
labels only neurons which gene of interest has been turned on

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7
Q

Tract Tracers

A

pattern of connections between neurons

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8
Q

CAT / CT Scans

A

x-ray at several positions around head
radiation
visualize strokes, tumors, cortical shrinkage

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9
Q

MRI

A

magnetisms & radio-frequency energy to create images

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10
Q

DTI

A

modified MRI
images axonal interconnections between brain regions

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11
Q

fMRI

A

change in blood flow
small changes in brain metabolism

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12
Q

PET

A

metabolic activity
brains activity during behavioral tasks

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13
Q

TMS

A

identify brain area that is active during specific behaviors
used to treat depression

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14
Q

MEG

A

mesurases tiny magnetic fields produced by active neurons to create map of brain activity during cognitive tasks
tracks quick changes in brain activity
quicker than fMRI

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15
Q

Somatic Intervention

A

Change in body structure
looking for change in behavior

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16
Q

Behavioral Intervention

A

Alter behavior (IV) looking for change in body (DV)

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17
Q

Within Participants Experiment

A

same individuals compared before / after experiment

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18
Q

Between - Participants Experiment

A

different set of individuals treated the same way but without the manipulation

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19
Q

Anions

A

negatively charged ion

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20
Q

cations

A

positively charged

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21
Q

Intracellular fluid

A

watery solution within cells (cytoplasm)

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22
Q

Extracellular Fluid

A

fluid in spaces between cells

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23
Q

Resting Potential

A

Difference in electrical potential across membrane of a neuron @ rest
-65 mV

24
Q

Ion Channel

A

pore in cell membrane that permits passage of certain ions
ex) potassium ion channel / sodium ion channel

25
Q

Selective Permeability

A

allows some substances to pass, but not all

26
Q

Diffusion

A

spread of molecules from high concentrated areas to low concentration
move down concentration gradient

27
Q

Electrostatic Pressure

A

distribution of electrical charges to area w/ opposite charge

28
Q

Equilibrium Potential

A

movement of ions across cell membrane is balanced
electrostatic pressure & diffusion offset each other
-65 mV

29
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

membrane potential further from 0
interior of neuron becomes more negative
increase in membrane potential
(ex. -80 mV)

30
Q

Depolarization

A

closer to 0
interior of neuron less negative
decrease in membrane potential

31
Q

threshold

A

enough intensity to trigger action potential in axon
-40 mV

32
Q

action potential

A
  • inside of neuron positive momentarily
33
Q

All or none property

A

fires at full amplitude or not at all
strength of price = same price

34
Q

afterpotential

A

after action potential
overcompensates for action potential
more hyperpolarized than resting potential

35
Q

Absolute Refractory Phase

A

can’t generate another action potential after action potential

36
Q

Relative Refractory Phase

A

only strong stimulation could produce another action potential

37
Q

Sodium - Potassium Pump

A

pushes 3 Na+ ions out of cell & 2 K+ ions into cell

38
Q

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential

A

depolarizing potential
more Na+ channels open

39
Q

Inhibitory Post synaptic Potential

A

decreases probability that action potential will fire again

40
Q

Spatial Summation

A

potentials originating from different physical locations across dendrites

41
Q

Temporal Summation

A

summation of post synaptic potentials that reach axon hillock at different times

42
Q

Propagation

A

spread of axon potentials & electrical signals down the axon
dependent on voltage gated channels

43
Q

saltatory conduction

A

form conduction characteristic of myelinated axons in w/ AP jumps from node to node

44
Q

Synaptic Vesicles

A

inside presynaptic axon terminal
fuse w/ membrane to release neurotransmitters
contains molecules of neurotransmitters

45
Q

Synaptic Cleft

A

space btwn pre / post synaptic neurons at a synapse

46
Q

synaptic delay

A

delay btwn arrival of action potential @ axon terminal & creation of postsynaptic potential

47
Q

Ligand

A

Key
molecule that binds into receptor if right size / shape

48
Q

Neurotransmitter Receptor

A

lock
sense & react to molecules of corresponding neurotransmitter

49
Q

agonist

A

boosts actions of transmitter

50
Q

Antagonist

A

block action of transmitter

51
Q

degradation transmitter

A

molecules rapidly broken down & inactivate special enzymes

52
Q

Reuptake

A

molecules taken back up presynaptic terminal & reused

53
Q

Transporter

A

returns transmitter molecules to presynaptic neuron for reuse

54
Q

EEG

A

recording of electrical activity w/ electrodes on scalp

55
Q

Event related Potentials

A

EEG responses to single stimuli
used to detect seizures

Neuro Quiz 1 (11 decks)

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